Med psihoanalizo in filozofijo: Pojem transferja pri Lacanu

Bole, Martin (avtor), Dolar Bahovec, Eva (mentor)

Ves Lacanov osmi seminar je posvečen raziskovanju pojmu transferja. To je pojem, ki ga je uvrstil med »štiri temeljne koncepte« psihoanalize v enajstem seminarju (nezavedno, ponavljanje, pulzija in transfer). V diplomski nalogi bom skušal dognati, zakaj ima transfer v psihoanalizi tako pomembno mesto. Da bo naloga uspešna, se ne bom zadovoljil z opisom dinamike transferja, ampak bom iskal njegov izvor. Ta se pri Lacanu nahaja v odnosu med subjektom in drugim. Začne se ob otrokovem prvem joku, s čimer otrok svojo potrebo – izraženo preko zahteve – naslovi na drugega. Slednji je drugi, ki uporablja jezik in ki je želeče bitje. Preko odziva na zahtevo, je v odnos vpeljana želja. Subjektu je želja drugega enigma, ki povzroča njegovo izginevanje. Na tem mestu subjekta doleti kastracija, ki vodi v vznik simbolnega. Želja je prestavljena na raven simbolnega in njen značaj dobi strukturo metonimičnega drsenja. Drugi je tako vselej že (simbolni) Drugi. Nanj je naslovljeno vse, kar subjekt izgovori. Zaradi tega ima pri Lacanu želja vlogo manka v Drugem oziroma manka v diskurzu Drugega. V njej tiči razlog subjekta nezavednega. To je mesto vznika transferja kot analizantove ljubezni do analitika. V tem se skriva namen analize: subjekt nezavednega soočiti z željo Drugega kot mankom. V sklepnem delu raziskave bom poskušal pokazati, zakaj manko v odnosu z Drugim, kot posledico želje, zapolnjujeta prav ljubezen in seksualnost, ter zakaj drugega ne moremo ljubiti kot subjekt. Odgovor na obe vprašanji se skriva v pojmu nezavednega kot kraju ne-smisla. Naloga analitika kot Drugega je analizanta soočiti z izvornim mankom, ki ga je bil deležen ob soočenju s simbolnim. Le na ta način naj bi bilo subjektu omogočeno ljubiti »zunaj mej? zakona«.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Lacan, transfer, ljubezen, simbolni Drugi, objekt a, subjekt nezavednega
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FF - Filozofska fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-110416
• Datum objave v RUL: 14.09.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Between Psychoanalysis and Philosophy: Lacan's Concept of Transference

Izvleček

Lacan's entire eighth seminar is dedicated to the exploration of the concept of transference. Transference is a concept that Lacan has included in the »four fundamental concepts« of psychoanalysis (the unconscious, repetition, drive, transference). In my diploma I will try to establish why transference has such an important place in psychoanalysis. In order for the paper to be successful, I will not be satisfied with the description of the dynamics of transference, but I will search for its source. According to Lacan, it can be located in the relationship between the subject and the other. It begins with the child’s first cry, with which the child’s need – expressed through demand – is addressed to the other. This other is the other who uses language and is a desiring being. Through the respond to the demand, desire is introduced into the relationship. For the subject, the desire of the other is an enigma that causes his disappearance. In this place, the subject gets castrated, which leads to the emergence of the symbolic order. The desire is moved to the symbolic order and its character gets the structure of the metonymic sliding. Thus the other is always already the (symbolic) Other. Everything that the subject says is addressed to him. That is the reason that in Lacan's teachings, desire has the role of the lack in the Other, which also means the lack in the discourse of the Other. In it lies the reason that the subject is unconscious. This is the place of the emergence of transference as the analysand's love for the analyst. The purpose of the analysis is hidden here: to confront the subject of the unconscious with the desire of the Other as lacking. In the conclusion of my research, I will try to demonstrate why the lack in the relationship with the Other, as a consequence of the desire, gets filled up with love and sexuality, and why we cannot love the other as a subject. The answer to both questions hides in the concept of the unconscious as the place of non-sense. The task of the analyst as the Other is to confront the analysand with the original lack, which he was faced with when he was confronted with the symbolic order. Only in this way is the subject supposedly enabled to love »outside the bounds of the law«.

• Ključne besede: Lacan, transference, love, symbolic Other, objec a, subject of the unconscious