Primerjava ocenjevalnih orodij za dojenje : diplomsko delo

Hočevar, Tina (author), Vettorazzi, Renata (mentor)

Uvod: Dojenje je najbolj optimalen način prehranjevanja dojenčkov. Ima veliko prednosti pred hranjenjem z mlečno formulo, tako za otroka kot tudi za mater in okolje. Da je dojenje uspešno in poteka brez težav, mora biti tehnika dojenja pravilna. Medicinska sestra lahko z doslednim opazovanjem in ocenjevanjem dojenja pravočasno prepozna težave in materi nudi pomoč. Pri tem si pomaga z ocenjevalnimi orodji za dojenje. Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom literature raziskati načine ocenjevanja dojenja in ocenjevalna orodja, ki se za to uporabljajo ter jih primerjati med seboj. Metode dela: Za izdelavo diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Literatura je bila iskana v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL Medline, ScienceDirect in v Kooperativnem bibliografskem sistemu COBISS.SI. V analizo je vključenih 6 člankov. Rezultati: V zadnjih letih je bilo razvitih več kot 15 ocenjevalnih orodij za dojenje. Ocenjevalna orodja za dojenje se med seboj zelo razlikujejo glede na vsebino ocenjevanja, način točkovanja, glede na to, koga ocenjujejo in komu so namenjena. Vsebinska primerjava med orodji je pokazala, da ni enotnega standarda, ki bi določal, katera področja dojenja morajo zajemati vsa orodja. Učinkovitost hranjenja je najpogosteje obravnavano področje med vsemi vključenimi orodji. Najslabše pokrita področja pa sta zdravje otroka in materina izkušnja z dojenjem. Raziskovalci so prišli do različnih ugotovitev glede zanesljivosti in veljavnosti orodij. Razprava in zaključek: Raziskovalci niso enotni o tem, katera področja veljajo za najpomembnejša pri dojenju, zato imajo obravnavana orodja malo skupnega. Vsebinsko ima The breastfeeding evaluation and education tool najbolj temeljito oceno dojenja med vsemi obravnavanimi orodji, saj zajema vseh devet kategorij, ki tvorijo uspešno dojenje. Rezultati različnih raziskav so neskladni glede zanesljivosti in veljavnosti orodij. Nobeno od orodij še nima izvedenega uradnega testiranja veljavnosti in zanesljivosti, zato ne moremo opredeliti, katero orodje je najbolj primerno za klinično uporabo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: dojenje, opazovanje, ocenjevalno orodje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-110410
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5686123
• Publication date in RUL: 14.09.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comparison of the breastfeeding assessment tools : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the optimal method for feeding an infant. It has many benefits over bottle feeding for the baby, mother and the environment. Breastfeeding technique must be appropriate in order to be successful and smooth. By consistent observing and evaluating of breastfeeding, the nurse can identify problems in a timely manner and provide assistance to the mother. Assessment tools for breastfeeding can help her to do that. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work is to review the methods of breastfeeding assessment and assessment tools used for this purpose and to compare them through a literature review. Methods: The descriptive method of work is used in this diploma work with a systematic review of literature in Slovenian and English language. The search through the literature was conducted by using the following databases: CINAHL, Medline, ScienceDirect and COBIB.SI. Six articles were included in the review. Results: More than 15 breastfeeding assessment tools have been developed in recent years. Breastfeeding assessment tools vary greatly depending on the content of the assessment, the scoring system, whom they are evaluating and who can use them. A comparison between those tools showed out that there is no unified standard for determination which breastfeeding categories should be included into all of the tools compared. Effectiveness of feeding is a category of breastfeeding which is most frequently incorporated into the reviewed tools. The areas which are not so well covered, are the health of the baby and mother's experience with breastfeeding. Researchers have come to different conclusions about the reliability and validity of the tools. Discussion and conclusion: There is only little consistency amongst researchers as to which areas in breastfeeding are considered as the most important ones, and as a consequence of that reviewed tools reveal very little commonality. In terms of content, The breastfeeding evaluation and education tool shows to be the most thorough evaluation tool of breastfeeding among all the tools discussed, as it covers all nine categories of successful breastfeeding. The results of the various researches are inconsistent in the reliability and validity of the tools. None of the tools has yet been formally tested for validity and reliability, so we cannot determine which tool is best suited for use in clinical practice.

• Keywords: breastfeeding, observation, assessment tool