Metabolno inženirstvo mikrobnih sevov za uporabo v industriji biogoriv

Zlatnar, Matevž (author), Vodovnik, Maša (mentor)

Ena od strategij omejevanja izpustov toplogrednih plinov je postopna (delna) nadomestitev uporabe fosilnih goriv z biogorivi, proizvedenimi iz rastlinske biomase. Odpadna lignocelulozna biomasa je stranski produkt kmetijstva in je kot taka idealna trajnostna surovina. Izziv predstavlja njena težka razgradljivost ter visoka cene predobdelave, kar je trenutno razlog za neekonomičnost procesa. Tradicionalno je proizvodnja biogoriv dvostopenjski proces, ki vključuje predobdelavo biomase ter nadaljnjo pretvorbo sladkorjev v topila, kot sta etanol in butanol. Trenutno proizvodnja še ni dovolj učinkovita, da bi biogoriva zavzemala nezanemarljiv delež na trgu. S pomočjo metabolnega inženirstva je mogoče ustvariti učinkovitejše poti za proizvodnjo biogoriv iz različnih ogljikovih hidratov. Napredek je zaznaven predvsem v razvoju sevov za optimizirano razgradnjo celuloze, pri čemer je eden ključnih ciljev razvoj konsolidiranih bioprocesov, ki združuje koraka hidrolize in fermentacije v enem bioreaktorju. Sledenje je mogoče doseči z dodajanjem novih metabolnih poti v že uveljavljene industrijske fermentativne seve mikroorganizmov ali s prilagoditvijo metabolnih poti celulolitičnih sevov. Delo povzema ključne pristope in nedavne dosežke metabolnega inženiringa mikrobnih sevov, ki so usmerjeni v učinkovitejšo proizvodnjo biogoriv prve, druge in tretje generacije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: metabolno inženirstvo, mikroorganizmi, biogoriva, industrija biogoriv
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [M. Zlatnar]
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-109809
• UDC: 606:620.92:604.2:661.72/.74(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 9346425
• Publication date in RUL: 08.09.2019

ZLATNAR, Matevž, 2019, Metabolno inženirstvo mikrobnih sevov za uporabo v industriji biogoriv [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. M. Zlatnar. [Accessed 14 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=109809

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Metabolic engineering of microbal strains for application in biofuel industry

Abstract

One of the strategies for diminishing greenhouse gass emissions is gradual substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels made of plant biomass. Nowadays, lignocellulosic waste, the side product of agriculture, represents the most attractive feedstock for sustainable biofuel production. However, its recalcitance to biodegradation and associated high costs of pretreatment are major drawbacks to its application in biofuel production. Traditionally, biofuels production is a two-steps process which includes lignocellulose pretreatment and microbal bioconversion of sugars to biofuels. With metabolic engineering, more efficient metabolic pathways for major biofuels produced from carbohydrates are being established. The promissing strategy for more effective conversion of biomass to biofuels is the construction of cells suitable for consolidated bioprocesses, where hydrolisis and fermentation are performed in a single bioreactor. The following work reviews the most common strategies and recent achievements in metabolic engineering of microbial cells oriented towards more efficient production of first, second and third generation of biofuels.

• Keywords: metabolic engineering, microorganisms, biofuels, biofuels industry