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Strategije vkodiranja in vzdrževanja informacij v delovnem spominu
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Špeh, Andreja
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),
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Repovš, Grega
(
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)
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Abstract
Naloge delovnega spomina od nas zahtevajo kratkotrajno pomnjenje in upravljanje informacij, redko pa se vprašamo, na kakšen način te informacije vkodiramo in vzdržujemo v delovnem spominu. V prvem delu raziskave smo s pomočjo analize osmih že izvedenih študij delovnega spomina prepoznali 15 različnih strategij pomnjenja informacij. Na podlagi teh rezultatov smo oblikovali vprašalnik strategij pomnjenja, ki smo ga v drugem delu raziskave preverili in uporabili pri nalogi prostorskega delovnega spomina in nalogi vidnega delovnega spomina. V drugem delu raziskave je sodelovalo 27 udeležencev, starih od 19 do 25 let. Na podlagi odgovorov na vprašalnik smo udeležence razdelili v več skupin glede na uporabljeno strategijo vkodiranja in strategijo vzdrževanja informacij v delovnem spominu ter preučili povezavo med uporabljeno strategijo in uspešnostjo reševanja naloge. Ugotovili smo, da so bili natančnejši udeleženci, ki so pri vkodiranju informacij uporabljali strategije, ki so zahtevale večjo mero manipulacije podatkov (npr. iskanje besednih asociacij pri pomnjenju oblik dražljajev), pri strategijah vzdrževanja informacij pa je prišlo do ravno obratnega trenda. V povprečju so manjšo napako naredili udeleženci, ki informacij niso aktivno vzdrževali v spominu, ampak so se zanašali na intuicijo ali pa so med reševanjem razmišljali o stvareh, ki niso bile povezane z nalogo. Manj natančni so bili posamezniki, ki so informacije skušali aktivno vzdrževati v spominu, npr. jih besedno ponavljati. Ena izmed možnih razlag za to je, da strategije vkodiranja informacij v večji meri prispevajo k uspešnosti reševanja naloge, saj so posamezniki, ki so uporabili učinkovitejše strategije pri vkodiranju, oblikovali močnejše povezave med dražljaji in jim kasneje ni bilo treba vlagati toliko mentalnega napora v proces vzdrževanja informacij.
Language:
Slovenian
Keywords:
delovni spomin
,
strategije
,
kognitivne strategije
,
medosebne razlike
,
skupkanje
Work type:
Master's thesis/paper
Organization:
FF - Faculty of Arts
Year:
2019
PID:
20.500.12556/RUL-109691
Publication date in RUL:
07.09.2019
Views:
1296
Downloads:
345
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Language:
English
Title:
Strategies of encoding and maintenance of information in working memory
Abstract:
Working memory tasks require participants to simultaneously engage in processing and short-term storage of information. Individual differences in encoding and maintenance of information are rarely addressed. In the first part of this study we performed an analysis of eight previous studies and identified 15 different working memory strategies. On the basis of this results we developed a Strategies of Memory Questionnaire, which was used in the second part of our study. Twenty-seven participants, aged 19 to 25 years, performed a visual working memory task and a spatial working memory task. Based on the responses to the questionnaire participants were grouped according to their encoding and maintenance strategy. We examined the connection between the strategy used and the accuracy of solving a task. When encoding information, participants who used strategies that required more manipulation of the data (for example using verbal association for memorizing shapes of stimuli) were more accurate in comparison to the participants who memorized the stimuli exactly in the presented form. For maintenance strategies just the opposite trend was observed. Participants who did not try to actively maintain information in working memory, but relied on intuition or thought about other non-related things during the task, were more successful. Those who tried to actively maintain information (for example verbally repeating) made on average larger errors. A possible explanation is that encoding strategies compared to maintenance strategies have a greater contribution to the accuracy of solving a task. Individuals who used more efficient encoding strategies needed to invest less mental effort into the process of maintaining information.
Keywords:
working memory
,
strategies
,
cognitive strategies
,
individual differences
,
chunking
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