Crystalline tin oxide is a semiconductor that has a great potential for various applications due to its outstanding properties. The gas-sensitive properties of tin oxide are well utilized in gas sensors. The sensors use SnO2 powder in the form of films or one-dimensional SnO2 nanostructures whose response is faster due to the large surface-to-volume ratio. Tin oxide is also used in lithium rechargeable batteries, where it replaces the standard anode material, graphite, due to its higher theoretical specific capacity. In perovskite solar cells, however, tin oxide plays the role of an electron transporting layer. It replaced TiO2, due to the cheaper and less time consuming process of manufacturing at lower temperature.
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