Vloga rastlinskih ekstraktov pri tretiranju nevrodegenerativnih proteinopatij

Resnik, Maša (author), Jamnik, Polona (mentor)

Nevrodegenerativne bolezni prizadenejo živčevje, pojavijo pa se lahko zaradi različnih vzrokov. Eden od teh je proteinopatija. V različnih raziskavah so ugotavljali, ali lahko rastlinske ekstrakte uporabimo za zdravljenje nevrodegenerativnih bolezni. Spojine v rastlinskih ekstraktih imajo antioksidativne in nevroprotektivne lastnosti ter lahko učinkujejo proti proteinskim agregatom. Učinke so preverili na modelnih organizmih, kot so miši Mus musculus, vinske mušice Drosophilla melanogaster, kvasovke Saccharomyces cerevisiae, črvi Caenorhabditis elegans in celične linije, ki so kazali fenotip nevrodegenerativne bolezni. Pri S. cerevisiae so merili viabilnost celic, ki so bile izpostavljene ekstraktom opuncije Opuntia ficus-indica in rjave alge Padina pavonica. Pri D. melanogaster pa so ugotavljali, ali ekstrakti iz opuncije, rjave alge ter kurkumin podaljšajo življenjsko dobo ter, ali vplivajo na mobilnost vinskih mušic. V celični liniji nevroblastoma so merili, ali ekstrakt iz rastline Gastrodia elata prepreči celično smrt, ki so jo povzročali toksični agregati. Poleg tega so v raziskavah in vitro preverili preprečevanje nastanka toksičnih agregatov, ki so odgovorni za pojav bolezni. Ugotovili so, da nekateri rastlinski ekstrakti pozitivno vplivajo na viabilnost kvasovk, izboljšajo življenjsko dobo in mobilnost vinskih mušic ter preprečujejo celično smrt v celični liniji. Tudi in vitro nekateri ekstrakti dobro delujejo, saj se v njihovi prisotnosti zmanjša koncentracija toksičnih oligomerov ter poveča koncentracija netoksičnih monomerov in polimerov. Rastlinski ekstrakti dobro učinkujejo proti nevrodegenerativnim boleznim in imajo potencial za zdravljenje le-teh.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: proteinopatija, nevrodegenerativne bolezni, Alzheimerjeva bolezen, Parkinsonova bolezen, amiolid-ß, α-sinuklein, rastlinski ekstrakti, modelni organizmi
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [M. Resnik]
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-109405
• UDC: 606:616.8:57.084:615.322(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 9281913
• Publication date in RUL: 01.09.2019

RESNIK, Maša, 2019, Vloga rastlinskih ekstraktov pri tretiranju nevrodegenerativnih proteinopatij [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. M. Resnik. [Accessed 14 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=109405

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Role of plant extracts for treating neurodegenerative proteinopathies

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases affect the nervous system and can occur due to various causes. One of these is proteinopathy. In various studies, it was determined whether plant extracts could be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Compounds in plant extracts have antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and may be effective against protein aggregates. The effects were examined on model organisms such as mice Mus musculus, fruit fly Drosophilla melanogaster, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and worm Caenorhabditis elegans and cell line that showed fenotype of nevrodegenerative disease. For S. cerevisiae they measured viability of cells that were exposed to extracts from prickly pear Opuntia ficus-indica and brown alga Padina pavonica. In D. melanogaster they determined whether the extracts from prickly pear, brown alga and curcumin prolonged life expectancy and whether it can affect the mobility of fruit flies. In cell line of neuroblastoma they tested whether extract from Gastrodia elata can prevent cell death that is caused by toxic aggregates. They also checked the in vitro prevention of the formation of toxic aggregates that are responsible for the occurrence of disease. They found out that some plant extracts influence the yeast viability, improve lifespan and mobility of fruit flies and prevent cell death in cell line. Also in vitro the extracts worked well, as the concentration of toxic oligomers is reduced, and the concentration of non-toxic monomers and polymers is increased. Plant extracts have good effect against neurodegenerative diseases and have the potential to treat them.

• Keywords: proteinopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyloid-ß, ?-synuclein, plant extracts, model organisms