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Vpliv velikosti polja na ekspozicijo pri slikanju stopala in kolka brez in z rešetko : diplomsko delo
ID Kostevc, Sandra (Author), ID Repić, Oliver (Author), ID Medič, Mojca (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Uvod: Ekspozicijski indeks, ki definira količino doze na slikovni sprejemnik, se lahko uporablja kot mehanizem za kontrolo izpostavljenosti sevanju pri istem objektu. Da bo slika za diagnostične namene uporabna, je potrebno, kadar povečujemo ali zmanjšujemo slikovno polje, ustrezno prilagoditi tudi ekspozicijske pogoje. Kadar se velikost polja spremeni iz 35 × 43 cm na 24 × 30 cm, znaša faktor povečanja produkta toka in časa (mAs) 1,25 in pri spremembi polja na 18 × 24 cm 1,4. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, kako sprememba velikosti slikovnega polja vpliva na ekspozicijski indeks brez spreminjanja ekspozicijskih pogojev. Eden izmed namenov je tudi primerjati ujemanje faktorjev povečave ekspozicijskih pogojev kadar slikamo z ali brez rešetke. Metode dela: Meritve smo izvedli v dveh delih. Za diplomsko delo smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo s pregledom domače in tuje literature. Druga metoda dela je bila raziskava s pomočjo meritev, kjer smo izvajali postopke, ki so nas pripeljali do določitve natančnejših faktorjev sprememb ekspozicijskih pogojev pri spreminjanju velikosti slikovnega polja. Ekspozicijske pogoje smo določili s pomočjo ionizacijske celice, kadar smo uporabili rešetko in elektronsko, kadar smo slikali brez rešetke. Raziskavo smo nadgradili še z določitvijo faktorjev povečave ekspozicijskih pogojev pri slikanju z rešetko (z razmerjem 12:1) ali brez. Rezultati: Faktorji povečave ekspozicijskih pogojev so se pri slikanju kolka, kadar slikamo z ali brez rešetke, zelo približali vrednostim faktorjev povečave ekspozicijskih pogojev pri pospeševalnih napetostih 85 kV. Med faktorji povečave ekspozicijskih pogojev pri slikanju stopala s pospeševalnimi napetostmi 45, 50 in 55 kV praktično ni razlik, oziroma so odstopanja skoraj neopazna. Razprava in zaključek: Najvišje vrednosti EI smo odčitali pri višji ekspoziciji in najnižje pri nižjih ekspozicijah kar kaže na sorazmerno povezavo EI in ekspozicije. Kot zaključek lahko povzamemo, da se rešetke pri nizkih napetostih ne uporablja, saj tako majhne količine sipanega sevanja ne poslabšajo kontrastne ločljivosti v tej meri, da bi bila slika diagnostično neustrezna. Namen rešetk je predvsem prestrezanje sipanih fotonov, preden le ti dosežejo slikovni sprejemnik.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:ekspozicijski indeks, faktorji povečave, ekspozicijski pogoji, pospeševalna napetost, produkt toka in časa ekspozicije
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Organization:ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
Year:2019
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-109140 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:5670251 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:23.08.2019
Views:1078
Downloads:301
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:The impact of the image field on exposure in foot and hip imaging with or without grid : diploma work
Abstract:
Introduction: Exposure index, that defines the amount of dose on image receptor can be used as mechanism for radiation exposure control with same object. To use the image for diagnostic purposes, it is necessary to adjust the exposure conditions accordingly when increasing or decreasing the image field. When the field size changes from 35 × 43 cm to 24 × 30 cm, the enlargement exposure factor of mAs is 1,25 and when changing to the field 18 × 24 is 1,4. Purpose: The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to determine how the change in the size of the image field affects the EI without changing the exposure conditions. One purpose is also to compare the matching of enlargement factors while imaging with or without use of antiscatter grids. Methods: The measurements were carried out in two parts. For the diploma work we used the descriptive method with a review of domestic and foreign literature. The other method of work was the survey with the help of measurements, where we carried out the procedures, that they led us to the determination of more precise factors of changes in exposure conditions when resizing the image field. The exposure conditions were determined with use of ionization cell while using grid, and electronically without grid. We also upgraded the study by determining the enlargement exposure factors while using the grid (with a ratio 12:1) or without. Results: Enlargement exposure factors were very close to the enlargement factors measured at 85 kV while imaging with grid or without. There are practically no differences between enlargement exposure factors in foot phantom with acceleration voltages of 45, 50 and 55 kV, or the deviations are almost invisible. Discussion and conclusion: The highest values of EI were observed at higher exposures and the lowest in lower exposures, indicating a relative EI and exposure relationship. As a conclusion, it can be summarized that the grids at low voltages are not used, since such small amounts of scattered radiation do not impair the contrast resolution to such an extent that the image is diagnostically inadequate. The purpose of the grids is especially intercepting scattered photons before they reach the image receptor.

Keywords:exposure index, enlargement factors, exposure conditions, acceleration voltage, product of the current and exposure time

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