Vpliv zmanjševanja žleznega tkiva na silo in debelino dojke pri mamografskem slikanju : diplomsko delo

Pišek, Manca (avtor), Pšenič Pikelj, Pia (avtor), Mekiš, Nejc (mentor), Alukić, Erna (komentor)

Uvod: Mamografija je radiološka preiskava dojk z uporabo rentgenskega sevanja. Je najučinkovitejša metoda za odkrivanje raka dojke. Pri mamografiji uporabljamo kompresijo. Kompresijo apliciramo z namenom, da zmanjšamo debelino tkiva, povprečno žlezno dozo, razmaknemo superponirana tkiva in dosežemo optimalno kakovost slike. Gostota dojk se s starostjo zmanjšuje, zlasti v perimenopavzalnem obdobju, ker vpliva na samo kompresijo. Namen: Ugotoviti, ali se debelina dojke z leti po menopavzi zmanjšuje glede na zmanjšanje žleznega tkiva. Zanimalo nas je tudi, kako zmanjšanje debeline dojke vpliva na kompresijsko silo in povprečno žlezno dozo. Metode dela: V nalogi so bili zajeti podatki o kompresijski sili, debelini dojke in povprečni žlezni dozi 300 pacientk, ki so imele opravljeno mamografsko slikanje v dveh projekcijah: CC (kraniokavdalna) in MLO (mediolateralna poševna) projekciji. Podatke smo razdelili v tri starostne skupine po 100 pacientk: od 50 do 55, 60 do 65 in 70 do 75 let. Za izračun smo uporabili osnovne statistične teste, za preverjanje normalnosti vzorca Shapiro – Wilk test, za primerjavo razlik pa Kruskal – Wallis test. Rezultati in razprava: Pri CC projekciji obeh dojk smo ugotovili, da obstajajo statistično značilne razlike v debelini med 1. in 3. skupino, ter razlike v MGD med skupinama 1 in 2 ter 1 in 3. Pri MLO projekciji obeh dojk so bile razlike statistično značilne pri MGD, in sicer med 1. in 2. ter 1. in 3. skupino. Pri CC in MLO projekciji leve in desne dojke smo ugotovili, da se kompresijska sila ne viša z višjo starostjo pacientk, kar se da pripisati različnim strukturam dojk in različni sili kompresije. Posledično bi se vidneje znižala tudi povprečna žlezna doza in debelina. Zaključek: Pri CC projekciji leve in desne dojke ni statistično značilnih razlik med vsemi skupinami, debelina in MGD pa se med nekaterimi starostnimi skupinami razlikujejo. Pri MLO projekciji pa se spreminja le MGD. Za nadaljnje raziskave v prihodnosti priporočamo zajem meritev na večjem vzorcu ter sočasno upoštevanje in preučitev še ostalih faktorjev, ki lahko vplivajo na debelino dojke, silo kompresije in MGD.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: mamografija, kompresijska sila, povprečna žlezna doza, debelina dojke, žlezno tkivo
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-109137
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5672043
• Datum objave v RUL: 23.08.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The impact of the reduction in glandular tissue on the force and the thickness of the breast in mammography : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Mammography is a process of using low-energy X-rays to examine the human breast. It's the most effective method for breast cancer screening. In mammography we use compression. It is applied in order to reduce the thickness of the tissue and mean glandular dose, the superimposed tissues are spaced apart and optimal image quality is achieved. Breast density decreases with age, especially in the perimenopause period. Purpose: To determine whether breast thickness decreases with menopause after the reduction of glandular tissue. We also wanted to know how the decrease in breast thickness affects the compression force and the average glandular dose. Methods: In this project we collected data about compression force, breast thickness and mean glandular dose of 300 patients who had mammographic imaging in two projections: CC (craniocaudal) and MLO (mediolateral oblique) view. The data were divided into three age groups: 100 patients aged 50 to 55, 100 patients aged 60 to 65 and 100 patients aged 70 to 75 years. For the measurements we used basic statistical tests, to check the normality the Shapiro – Wilk test and to compare the differences the Kruskal – Wallis test. Results and discussion: We presented the results and comparisons in the tables and box plot graphs for CC and MLO projections of the left and right breast for compression force, breast thickness and MGD. In the CC projection of the both breasts, we found that there were statistically significant differences in thickness between groups 1 and 3, and differences in MGD between groups 1 and 2, and 1 and 3. In the MLO projection of both breasts we found that compression force does not increase with age of patients. Different size and density of breasts and different compression force. As a result of bigger compression force, there would be lower MGD and breast thickness. Conclusion: In CC projection of left and right breast there is no statistically significant differences in compression force, but thickness and MGD changed between some groups. In MLO projection only MGD changed. For further research we recommend taking measurements on a larger sample and concurrently considering and examining other factors that may affect breast thickness, compression force and MGD.

• Ključne besede: mammographic imaging, compression force, mean glandular dose, breast thickness, glandular tissue