Socialna izključenost starih ljudi v občini Grad

Ropoša, Sanja (author), Dragoš, Srečo (mentor)

V diplomskem delu sem pisala o socialni prikrajšanosti starih, podeželskih ljudi. Ker veljajo stari ljudje s podeželja še posebej za ranljivo skupino na tem področju, se mi je zdelo vredno dati poudarek marginalizaciji in s tem povezanim težavam, s katerimi se ljudje spoprijemajo. Podatke sem zbirala pri dveh skupinah ljudi, in sicer sem intervjuvala organizacije, ustanove oziroma društva (v nadaljevanju organizacije), ki imajo stike s starimi ljudmi. Zanimalo me je, katere organizacije delujejo v občini za zadovoljevanje potreb ljudi in kakšne dejavnosti opravljajo za večjo kakovost življenja. Poudarek sem dala tudi potrebam ljudi, ki jih organizacije najpogosteje opažajo med sodelovanjem. Osredotočila sem se na pomanjkljivosti in prednosti, ki jih organizacije zaznavajo v okviru skrbi za stare, in slabosti ter pozitivne plati v okviru delovanja le-teh. Intervjuvanke sem povprašala še o spremembah, ki si jih želijo na področju skrbi za stare v občini. Druga skupina so bili konkretni posamezniki, torej stari ljudje nad 65 let iz občine Grad. Osredotočila sem se na glavna življenjska področja, na katerih je problematika izključenosti najbolj opazna (materialno stanje, stanovanjske razmere, socialna mreža, zdravstvo, vprašanje dostopa do pomembnih ustanov in socialno-delavsko področje). Vzorec je bil namenski in priročen, izvedena raziskava pa kvalitativna, empirična in poizvedovalna. Podatke sem zbirala s polstrukturiranim intervjujem, pri katerem sem imela teme in nekatera vprašanja vnaprej zastavljena. Vprašanja sem med pogovorom tudi dodajala oziroma preoblikovala, saj sogovornic nisem hotela preveč omejevati pri odgovarjanju. Zbrano gradivo sem analizirala s kvalitativno metodo, natančneje s kodiranjem. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da je socialna dejavnost v občini Grad dokaj razvita. Organizacije ljudem pomagajo predvsem materialno in finančno. Ljudi obiskujejo tudi na domovih in v domovih za stare. Ena izmed ključnih potreb starih ljudi v občini je potreba po pogostejših obiskih v njihovem domačem okolju, saj izstopa problematika osamljenosti. Zaradi tega bi bilo potrebnih več terenskih obiskov, obiskov prostovoljcev in prejemnikov denarne socialne pomoči. Glavni vir opore ljudem so domači in sosedje, ki so lahko v nekaterih primerih primarni vir opore. Za ljudi, ki potrebujejo več pomoči, se mi zdi najprimernejša osebna asistenca, ki se zares posveti zgolj človeku in njegovim potrebam. Druga težava je finančni vidik, saj so pokojnine nizke in stari ljudje komaj shajajo čez mesec. Zaradi finančne nestabilnosti si jih veliko ne more privoščiti nujno potrebne pomoči, ki bi morala biti za te ljudi brezplačna.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: stari ljudje, prikrajšanost, socialna dejavnost, materialno stanje, stanovanjske razmere, socialna mreža
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-109090
• Publication date in RUL: 21.08.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Social Exclusion of Seniors in Municipality of Grad

Abstract

The paper investigates the social exclusion of seniors, living in the countryside. Since seniors from the countryside are said to be especially vulnerable to social exclusion, an emphasis is put on the marginalisation of seniors and problems related to it. We collected data in two groups of people by conducting interviews with organisations and institutions or associations (organisations hereinafter) that work with seniors. We wanted to determine which organisations in the municipality take care of the people’s needs and which activities they perform to achieve a better quality of life. Furthermore, stress was put on the people’s needs that are most frequently recognized by organisations during their cooperation. We focused on the advantages and disadvantages that are, according to the organisations, present in senior care as well as shortcomings and strengths in how these organisations function. The interviewees were asked what changes were needed in the field of senior care in their municipality. The other group consisted of individuals—seniors aged above 65 from the municipality of Grad. We concentrated on the main areas of life where social exclusion is the most evident (material situation, housing conditions, social network, question of access to important facilities and social work). The sample was purposive and convenient and the conducted research used qualitative, empirical and investigative methods. The data were collected by conducting a semi-structured interview where the topics and some of the questions were prepared in advance. The questions were added or changed throughout the interview as we did not want to limit the answers of our interviewees. The data collected were analysed by using a qualitative method, more precisely, by encoding. The results of the research show that social activities in the municipality of Grad are quite developed. The organisations offer financial and material support and pay visits to seniors at home or at nursing homes as well. Nonetheless, one of the essential needs of the seniors in the municipality is the need for more frequent visits in their home environment—the problem of loneliness stands out. Due to that, more field visits as well as visits by volunteers and recipients of social assistance would be necessary. The main source of support are families and neighbours that can even be the primary source of support in some cases. We believe that personal assistance would be the most appropriate for people who require more help as thus special attention is given to the person and their needs. Another problem is financial resources since the pensions are low and the seniors can barely make ends meet. Because of financial instability, many people cannot afford the necessary help they should otherwise receive for free.

• Keywords: seniors, exclusion, social activity, material situation, housing conditions, social network.