In this dissertation, the role of the religion in the historical development of Tibet is studied. The research starts by outlining the traditional theocratic Tibetan society, its basic institutions, and social stratification, and continues with the overview of the historical development of the region, from the time of the first cultures settling within the Tibetan geographical area in the 5th century BC until the Chinese Communist occupation in 1950. The latter is a subject of particular attention, due to its radical intervention and changes within the traditional Tibetan society which has since seen intensive reforms driven by the efforts of modernization and curbing the influence of the religion. With a direct attack on Tibetan religion, its institutions and influence in the society and everyday life, China is increasingly changing the Tibetan culture and ethnic identity. Therefore, the last chapter is also devoted to the issue of Tibet in the future. In conclusion, it is discussed that despite the fact that it originates from historical factors, the current Tibetan-Chinese conflict is somewhat peculiar. This peculiarity is based on the fact that the renunciation of Tibetan culture, based on the principles of Tibetan Buddhism, and justified private and institutional distinctiveness, by the Chinese authorities, often results in forceful subjugation. On the other hand, the key contribution to the relatively stabilized conditions goes to the current Dalai Lama, who, from exile, seeks to ensure a peaceful resolution of the conflict and the question of the Tibetan future.
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