Fizioterapevtski postopki za zmanjševanje ogroženosti za padce pri osebah z multiplo sklerozo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Kokelj, Justina (author), Rugelj, Darja (mentor)

Uvod: Multipla skleroza je kronična nevrološka bolezen, za katero je značilno vnetje v osrednjem živčevju. Osebe z multiplo sklerozo imajo visoko tveganje za padce, pri padcih pa se pogosteje poškodujejo. Glavni telesni dejavnik tveganja za padce je zmanjšano ravnotežje. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil pregledati izsledke raziskav o učinkovitosti fizioterapevtskih postopkov za zmanjševanje padcev in ogroženosti za padce pri osebah z multiplo sklerozo. Metode dela: Raziskovalne članke smo iskali v angleškem jeziku v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed in PEDro. Rezultati: Na podlagi kriterijev je bilo v pregled literature vključenih 5 raziskav, ki so bile objavljene med letoma 2010 in 2018. Število preiskovancev v raziskavah je bilo različno, od najmanj 27 do največ 119, skupno 348. Obdobja obravnav preiskovancev so bila od šest tednov do treh mesecev, ocene kakovosti raziskav po lestvici PEDro pa od 3 do 8. V eni raziskavi so ugotovili, da je bila vadba za ravnotežje učinkovita za zmanjšanje števila oseb, ki so padle. V eni raziskavi se je po vadbi za ravnotežje zmanjšalo število padcev, v dveh raziskavah pa se je po zaključku izvajanja vadbe za ravnotežje pomembno zmanjšala ogroženost za padce. V eni raziskavi se je po zaključku izvajanja programa vaj za izboljšanje stabilnosti jedra telesa v kombinaciji z dvojno nalogo in senzoričnimi izzivi klinično pomembno izboljšalo ravnotežje. Razprava in zaključek: Po pregledu literature so v treh raziskavah ugotovili prednosti vadbe za ravnotežje za zmanjševanje padcev in ogroženosti za padce pri osebah z multiplo sklerozo. Zaradi nizkega števila raziskav, je sklepanje o učinkovitosti vadbe za ravnotežje za zmanjševanje padcev pri osebah z multiplo sklerozo omejeno. K bolj jasnim izsledkom o učinkovitosti vadbe za ravnotežje na zmanjševanje padcev in ogroženosti za padce bi pripomogle dodatne randomizirane kontrolirane študije z enotnejšim obdobjem obravnave in ugotavljanjem dolgoročnih učinkov, v katerih bi kot primarno merilo izida terapevtskih postopkov beležili dejansko število padcev.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: multipla skleroza, padci, ogroženost za padce, fizioterapija, vadba za ravnotežje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108693
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5654123
• Publication date in RUL: 12.07.2019

KOKELJ, Justina, 2019, Fizioterapevtski postopki za zmanjševanje ogroženosti za padce pri osebah z multiplo sklerozo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. [Accessed 12 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=108693

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Physiotherapy interventions for fall risk reduction in people with multiple sclerosis - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease with typical inflammation within the central nervous system. People with multiple sclerosis have higher risk for falls and often suffer injuries connected with falls. Main physical fall risk factor is balance impairment. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to examine physiotherapy interventions that are effective in reducing falls and fall risk in people with multiple sclerosis. Methods: Our research included articles written in English and found in the databases PubMed and PEDro. Results: Based on the criteria, five randomised controlled trials, published between 2010 and 2018, were included in the literature review. Research studies included from 27 to 119 participants, total 348 people with multiple sclerosis. The treatment period lasted from six weeks to three months and PEDro scores ranged between 3 and 8. Balance training was efficient in reducing number of fallers in one included research. In one included research was balance training efficient in reducing number of falls and in two included researches for fall risk reduction. Core stability exercise program including dual tasking and sensory strategies was found to be clinically significant in improving balance. Discussion and conclusion: Three research studies reported about benefits of balance training for reducing falls and fall risk in people with multiple sclerosis. Due to low number of studies that investigated effects of balance training it is difficult to conclude the actual efficacy of balance training in people with multiple sclerosis. Additional randomised controlled trials with uniform treatment period and long-term effects would help to provide clearer results of balance training on reduction of falls and fall risk.

• Keywords: multiple sclerosis, falls, fall risk, physiotherapy, balance training