Vpliv vadbe pilates na ravnotežje pri starejših odraslih : diplomsko delo

Hudej, Anja (author), Rugelj, Darja (mentor)

Uvod: Delež starejših odraslih po vsem svetu narašča. Pri tej populaciji se pogosto pojavljajo težave z ravnotežjem. Ravnotežje je sposobnost učinkovitega ohranjanja položaja v statičnem ali dinamičnem okolju. Raziskave poročajo, da je moč jedra pomembna za opravljanje vsakodnevnih aktivnostih pri starejših odraslih. Mišice jedra (m. transversus abdominis, mm. multifidus, diafragma in mišice medeničnega dna) prispevajo k stabilnosti hrbtenice in vplivajo na izboljšanje ravnotežja pri starejših odraslih. Ena izmed vadb, s katero se krepijo stabilizatorji jedra, je pilates, ki ga je razvil Nemec Joseph Hubertus Pilates. Raziskave poročajo, da pilates izboljša ravnotežje, mišično moč, mobilnost in koordinacijo pri starejših odraslih. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil pregled izsledkov raziskav o vplivu vadbe pilates na ravnotežje pri starejših odraslih. Metode dela: Izveden je bil sistematični pregled literature. Znanstveno raziskovalne članke smo iskali v podatkovnih zbirkah Web of Science, PEDro in MEDLINE. Za iskanje literature so bile uporabljene ključne besede v angleščini: pilates, elderly. Dodatno je bil pregledan tudi seznam literature preglednega članka, ki so ga napisali Granacher in sodelavci (2013). Rezultati: V sistematičnem pregledu literature je bilo vključenih sedem člankov. V člankih so ugotavljali vpliv vadbe pilates na ravnotežje pri starejših odraslih. Ugotovili so klinično pomembno izboljšanje statičnega in dinamičnega ravnotežja. Dinamično ravnotežje se je izboljšalo bolj kot statično. Razprava in zaključek: Iz pregleda literature, ki smo ga izvedli, sklepamo, da je vadba pilates primerna za izboljšanje ravnotežja pri starejših odraslih. Pri vadbi pilates, ki jo izvajajo starejši odrasli, se izboljša tako statično kot tudi dinamično ravnotežje. V prihodnosti bi bilo smiselno opraviti raziskave, kjer bi ugotavljali optimalno obdobje trajanja pilates vadbe, ki izboljša ravnotežje ter trajanje učinka vadbe na ravnotežje. Prav tako bi bilo potrebno raziskati, kateri so najbolj optimalni testi za ocenjevanje ravnotežja pri pilates vadbi in ugotoviti, kakšen je optimalen program pilates vadbe, ki najbolj izboljša ravnotežje. V raziskave bi bilo smiselno vključiti tudi več moških preiskovancev.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: vadba pilates, starejši odrasli, ravnotežje, stabilnost jedra
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108692
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5653867
• Publication date in RUL: 12.07.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Pilates exercise and its effect on improving balance in older adults : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: The percentage of older adults in rising worldwide. They often experience balance issues, which means the ability to effectively maintain balance in a static or dynamic environment. According to studies, core strength is vital for carrying out everyday activities for older adults. Core muscles (transversus abdominis, multifidus, diaphragm and pelvic floor muscles) contribute to spinal stability and help improving balance in older adults. One of the exercises that strengthen the core is Pilates, which was invented by Joseph Hubertus Pilates from Germany. Studies indicate that Pilates improves balance, muscular strength, mobility and coordination in older adults. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis was to examine the research results on the effect of Pilates exercise on balance in older adults. Methods: A systematic overview of literature was accomplished. The scientific research articles were found in the Web of Science, PEDro and MEDLINE database. The following keywords in English were used for searching literature: Pilates, elderly. Additionally, the list of references for the article by Granacher et al. (2013) was examined. Results: The systematic overview of the literature includes seven articles. The articles discussed the effect of Pilates exercise for improving balance in older adults. They established the clinically important improvement of static and dynamic balance. The dynamic balance improved more than the static. Discussion and conclusion: The accomplished literature overview concludes the adequacy of Pilates exercise for improving balance in older adults. When older adults perform Pilates exercise, their static and dynamic balance improves. Future research could be conducted to determine the optimal duration of the Pilates exercise, which improves balance, and the duration of the effect that exercise has on balance. It is also necessary to examine which tests are most optimal to evaluate balance in Pilates exercise and establish the optimum Pilates programme to improve balance best. More male subjects should also be included in the research.

• Keywords: pilates exercise, older adults, balance, core stability