Analiza mlečnosti, plodnosti in dolgoživosti krav molznic na ekološki kmetiji Bogata

Nascivera, Ana (author), Klopčič, Marija (mentor)

V diplomskem delu smo za obdobje 9 let (od 2010 do 2018) analizirali podatke mlečnosti, plodnosti in dolgoživosti krav molznic na ekološki kmetiji Bogata v Bovcu. V analiziranem obdobju se je število krav molznic na tej kmetiji gibalo med 76 in 106 glav, povprečna mlečnost v standardni laktaciji pa se je gibala med 5.463 kg mleka v letu 2014 do 6.757 kg mleka v letu 2010. Povprečna skupna količina proizvedenega mleka na leto v obravnavanem obdobju je znašala 518.047 kg. Povprečna vsebnost maščobe v mleku je v obravnavanem obdobju znašala 3,57 %, povprečna vsebnost beljakovin pa 3,15 %. Obrat črede se je gibal med 8,3 % v letu 2010 in 25,9 % v letu 2017. Poporodni premor je trajal od 120 dni v letu 2017 do 206 dni v letu 2014, doba med telitvama pa se je gibala med 400 dnevi v letu 2017 in 489 dnevi v letu 2014. V analiziranem obdobju so na kmetiji izločili 163 krav molznic, pri katerih so bili trije najpogostejši vzroki za izločitev in sicer bolezni in poškodbe parkljev ter nog, plodnostne motnje in starost. Povprečna starost izločenih krav ob izločitvi je znašala 2.913 dni, povprečna življenjska mlečnost teh krav pa je znašala 33.942 kg mleka. Izločene krave v tem obdobju so na molzni dan namolzle 17,6 kg mleka, na krmni dan 15,58 kg mleka in na življenjski dan 9,79 kg mleka. Preživitvena sposobnost molznic se je z vsakim dopolnjenim letom po prvi telitvi vztrajno zmanjševala. Od krav, ki so prvič telile v letu 2010, jih je 8 let dopolnilo le 20 %.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: govedo, krave molznice, ekološka prireja, mlečnost, plodnost, dolgoživost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108551
• COBISS.SI-ID: 4263304
• Publication date in RUL: 06.07.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of milk yield, fertility and longevity of dairy cows on organic farm Bogata

Abstract

In the graduation thesis we analysed milk production, fertility and longevity of dairy cows on organic dairy farm Bogata in Bovec for the period of nine years (2010-2018). In this period the number of dairy cows on the farm varied between 76 and 106, the average milk yield in the standard lactation period varied from 5,463 kg in 2014 and 6,757 kg in 2010. The average total milk production in the analysed period was 518,047 kg per year, with the average fat content of 3.57 % and protein content of 3.15 %. Replacement rate varied between 8.3 % in 2010 and 25.9 % in 2017. The period between calving and the next conception date was at its shortest in 2017 with 120 days and the longest in 2014 with 206 days, while the average period between the calving’s was between 400 days in 2017 and 489 days in 2014. In the analysed period there was 163 cows culled from the farm due to the three most common reasons - diseases and damage of hooves and legs, reproduction disorders and age. The cows were culled at the average age of 2,913 days and their average life milk yield was 33,942 kg of milk. In this period the culled cows produced in average 17.6 kg of milk per milking day, 15.58 kg of milk per feeding day and 9.97 kg of milk per life day. The survival of cows was reducing intensively with each year after the first calving. Only 20 % of cows that calved for the first time in 2010 reached the age of 8 years.

• Keywords: cattle, dairy cows, organic production, milk yield, fertility, longevity