Introduction: Placenta is an organ that forms in the early stage of pregnancy and is delivered after the birth of the fetus. With unique blood circulation and its complex functions, it ensures a normal and healthy pregnancy and fetal development. The placenta can occur in different anatomical variations that still have the same ability to function as normal placenta while some forms of the placenta can cause complications. In addition to the problems caused by the position or anatomical variation, maternal diseases and other external factors can have an impact on placental function. In many eastern cultures, the placenta has a very important spiritual significance in addition to the respiratory, nutritional, endocrine, and protective role. They also keep performing some traditional culture rituals connected to the placenta. Purpose: The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to represent the development of the placenta, its role, and function and to describe placental related complications during the time of pregnancy. Methods: The descriptive method of work was used in the bachelor’s thesis. We collected scientific and academic literature, found in different databases (COBISS, DiKUL, Google Books, ScienceDirect, etc.), and evaluated the key findings. Discussion and conclusion: Many studies have been made in connection to the topic of the thesis, especially those that explore the influence of individual risk factor on the incidence of complication and the connection between complications. By critical reading and evaluating these studies, we gained a deeper and broader view of the incidence and complexity of placental-related complications and of the role of the placenta as a unique regulatory organ. Above all, knowledge about the basic structure, role, and processes in the placenta is crucial for understanding the individual complication related to it and for the proper response to the occurrence of complications in practice.
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