Vpliv nedonošenosti na kognitivni in jezikovni razvoj otrok : diplomsko delo

Sever, Tereza (author), Bizjak, Martina (mentor), Kamenšek, Tina (comentor)

Uvod: Nedonošenčki imajo večje tveganje za odstopanje v razvoju. Gestacijska starost ima pri nedonošenčkih velik vpliv na kasnejši kognitivni in jezikovni razvoj, predvsem v prvih letih življenja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je prikazati vpliv, ki ga ima nedonošenost na kognitivni in jezikovni razvoj. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela. Izveden je bil pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature. Iskanje literature je potekalo v podatkovnih bazah: ScienceDirect, CHINAL, Medline ter na Kooperativnem bibliografskem sistemu COBISS+ in s pregledom referenc v nekaterih člankih. Vključena je literatura v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku. Rezultati: Številne raziskave so dokazale, da nedonošenost vpliva na razvoj. Večje je tveganje za slabši razvoj kognitivnih in jezikovnih sposobnosti. Nedonošenčki imajo nižje rezultate testov inteligenčnega kvocienta in testov, ki preiskujejo jezikovne sposobnosti. Pri testiranjih kognitivnih in jezikovnih sposobnosti so nedonošenčki dobili nižje rezultate kot donošeni otroci. Raziskave dokazujejo, da je primanjkljaj kognitivnih funkcij najbolj povezan z zelo nizko porodno težo in nizko gestacijsko starostjo. Kognitivni zaostanek in tako nižji inteligenčni kvocient je bil ugotovljen v vseh raziskavah. Odstopanja inteligenčnega kvocienta variirajo glede na vključen vzorec in gestacijsko starost/porodno težo udeležencev. Odstopanja v inteligenci nedonošenčkov vplivajo na njihove izobraževanje. Jezikovni razvoj je neposredno povezan s kognitivnimi sposobnostmi. Otrok s kognitivnim primanjkljajem ne more jezikovnih sposobnosti normalno razviti. Razprava: Nedonošenost vpliva na kognitivni in jezikovni razvoj prezgodaj rojenih otrok. Nedonošenčki zaostajajo v jezikovem razvoju. Opazne so bile težave pri razumevanju jezika in neverbalni komunikaciji. Medicinske sestre so osebe, ki preživijo največ časa neposredno ob nedonošenčku. Dobri odnosi v zdravstvenem timu ter s starši nedonošenčkov so ključnega pomena, saj s tem zagotavljamo čim boljšo oskrbo nedonošenčkom in posledično vplivamo na njihov optimalen razvoj.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: nedonošenčki, kognitivni razvoj, jezikovni razvoj
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108176
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5640299
• Publication date in RUL: 20.06.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The impact of premature birth on the cognitive and language development of children : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Pre-term infants run a greater risk of development deviation since the gestational age has a major influence on later cognitive and linguistic development of pre-term infants, especially in the early years of life. The brain plays an important role as it controls the organic systems and their functioning. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to show the influence of pre-term birth on the cognitive and linguistic development. Methods: In the diploma work the descriptive method of work is used. A systematic review of professional and scientific literature was carried out. The literature search was conducted in databases: ScienceDirect, CHINAL, Medline and in the COBISS + Cooperative Bibliographic System, and by reviewing references in some articles. The literature in English and Slovene language is included. Results: Numerous studies have shown that pre-term birth affects development. There is a greater risk to develop poorer cognitive and linguistic abilities. Pre-term- born children have lower results of intelligent quotient tests and tests that test linguistic abilities. In cognitive and linguistic abilities tests, pre-term born children got lower results than term- born children. The research has shown that cognitive function deficit is mostly associated with very low birth weight and low gestational age. Cognitive lagging and lower intelligence quotient were found in all research. The deviations of the intelligent quotient vary depending on the pattern involved and the gestational age / birth weight of the participants. The deviations in the infancy of pre-term- born children affect their education. Language development is directly related to cognitive abilities. A child with a cognitive deficit can't develop linguistic abilities normally. Discussion: Pre-term birth affects the cognitive and linguistic development of prematurely born children. Pre-term babies are lagging behind in the language development. There were problems with the language understanding and non-verbal communication. Nurses are the persons who spend the most time directly with pre-term- born babies. Good relations in the healthcare team and with premature babies are crucial, as this ensures optimal care for infants and consequently affects their optimal development.

• Keywords: pre-term infants, cognitive development, language development