Vpliv pilates vadbe na ravnotežje starejših odraslih : diplomsko delo

Gorenc, Barbara (author), Hiti, Nina (mentor), Palma, Polona (comentor)

Uvod: Staranje pripelje do upada vseh za ravnotežje pomembnih sistemov. Do sprememb pride v mišični zmogljivosti, v somatosenzoričnem, vestibularnem in vidnem sistemu. Padci so med starejšimi ljudmi glavni vzroki poškodb. Pilates je oblika vadbe, ki je primerna za starejše osebe. Vaje pilatesa so namenjene predvsem izboljšanju mišičnega ravnovesja v telesu, večji koordinaciji gibanja in nadzoru trupa ter dihanja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti vpliv različnih oblik pilates vadbe na izboljšanje ravnotežja pri starejših odraslih. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo kot metodo dela uporabili pregled znanstvene literature. Literaturo smo iskali v angleškem jeziku v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed, Cinahl in Science Direct. Samostojno ali v kombinaciji smo uporabili naslednje ključne besede: pilates, balance, randomized trial, older adult, clinical trial. Rezultati: Podrobno smo analizirali 7 raziskav, ki so ustrezale vključitvenim kriterijem in so bile objavljene med letoma 2011-2017. V raziskavah je bilo število udeležencev med 32 in 78. V raziskavah so bili uporabljeni testi za oceno ravnotežja: vstani in pojdi test, 6-minutni test hoje, test petih vstajanj s stola, test stoje na eni nogi, Bergova lestvica za oceno ravnotežja in MED- SP 300 dinamična plošča. V štirih raziskavah je pilates vadba trajala 12 tednov, v ostalih treh 6, 8 in 10 tednov. Preiskovanci v intervencijski skupini so izvajali pilates vadbo, medtem ko preiskovalci v petih kontrolnih skupinah niso imeli nobene vodene vadbe, izvajali so le običajne dnevne aktivnosti. Vadba pilatesa je potekala s pripomočki ali brez njih. Tri raziskave niso uporabile nobenega pripomočka. Pet raziskav je ugotovilo pozitivne učinke na ravnotežje pri starejših odraslih. Razprava in zaključek: Glede na rezultate raziskav smo lahko ugotovili, da je za izboljšanje ravnotežja starejših odraslih primerna pilates vadba, ki bi vsebovala elemente v ravnotežje usmerjene vadbe ter vadbe za izboljšanje mišične moči spodnjih udov. Zaradi različne metodologije v pregledanih raziskavah bi bile potrebne dodatne raziskave, da bi lahko oblikovali učinkovito pilates vadbo na razvoj ravnotežja za starejše odrasle. Različne učinke pilates vadbe na ravnotežje lahko pripišemo različnim programom, različnim časovnim obdobjem izvajanja vadbe in majhnim vzorcem preiskovancev.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: starostniki, padci, v ravnotežje usmerjena vadba, stabilizatorji trupa
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108112
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5639531
• Publication date in RUL: 16.06.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Impact of Pilates exercise on balance in the elderly : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Aging brings decline all for balance important body systems. It comes to changes in muscle capacity, somatosensory, vestibular and visual system. Falls are the main reasons for injuries by older individuals. Pilates is form of exercise which is the most appropriate for older people. Pilates exercises are primarily aimed at improving muscle balance in the body, increasing coordination of movement and control of the hull and breathing. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work was to determine the impact of Pilates exercise on balance of the elderly. Methods: In the diploma work we used review of scientific literature for the methods of work. We searched literature in English language in databases Pub Med, CINAHL and Science Direct. The following keywords were used alone or in combination: Pilates, balance, randomized trial, older adult, clinical trial. Results: We analyzed in detail 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were published between 2011 and 2017. The number of participants was between 32 and 78. The tests used to evaluate the balance in the studies were: Timed up and go test, Six- minute walk test, Five -times sit-to-stand test, One-leg stance test, Berg Balance scale and MED-SP 300 dynamic platform. In four studies the Pilates exercise lasted 12 weeks, while in the other three were 6, 8 in 10 weeks. The subjects performed Pilates exercise in the intervention group, while subjects in five control groups did not have any exercise, only normal daily activities. Pilates exercise was carried out with accessories and no accessories. Three studies in Pilates did not use any accessories. Five studies found positive effects of Pilates exercise on balance in the elderly. Discussion and conclusion: According to the results of the research, we have found that Pilates exercise that would include elements in balance-specific training and exercises to improve the muscle strength of the lower limbs would improve the balance of older adults. Due to the different methodology in the reviewed researches, additional researches would be needed to determine the effective Pilates exercise for older adults. The various effects of Pilates exercise on balance can be attributed to different programs, different time periods of exercise, and small samples of subjects.

• Keywords: old people, falls, balanced exercise, trunk stabilizers