Stigmatizacija oseb s humanim imunodeficientnim virusom s strani družbe in zdravstvenih delavcev : diplomsko delo

Vehar, Janija (author), Ovijač, Darja (mentor), Perme, Janja (co-mentor)

Uvod: Težko bi našli bolezen, ki je povzročila tako visoko mero stigmatizacije, kot je HIV, čeprav virus ni smrtonosen in je ozdravljiv. Mišljenje, da je HIV bolezen homoseksualcev, prostitutk in uživalcev drog, je v družbeni zavesti prisotna že od leta 1980 in se prenaša iz roda v rod. Stigmatizacija vpliva na preventivo in zdravljenje HIV. Osebe s HIV se z veliko mero stigmatizacije srečujejo tudi pri zdravstveni obravnavi s strani zdravstvenih delavcev. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je opisati stigmatizacijo oseb s HIV s strani družbe in zdravstvenih delavcev. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo je nastalo na podlagi pregleda 42 enot domače in tuje strokovne literature, izdane v elektronski obliki od leta 2000 do 2019. Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE in SocINDEX ter s pomočjo iskalnikov Google učenjak, DiKUL in Mrežnik portal informacijskih virov. Rezultati: HIV velja za najbolj stigmatizirano bolezen v sodobni družbi. Zaradi strahu pred stigmatizacijo se nekateri ljudje ne testirajo za HIV, osebe s HIV pa skrivajo svojo bolezen, zavračajo zdravljenje ali pa pridejo do oskrbe prepozno. Stigmatizirane osebe s HIV se umaknejo iz družbe, kar negativno vpliva na njihovo duševno zdravje. Razprava in zaključek: Izkazalo se je, da je pomanjkanje znanja najpogostejši razlog za stigmatizacijo oseb s HIV s strani družbe ter zdravstvenih delavcev. Zdravstveni delavci bi se morali več izobraževati o HIV, predvsem o poteh prenosa okužbe ter stigmatizaciji in njenemu vplivu na življenje oseb s HIV. Usmerjeni bi morali biti v oblikovanje intervencij za zmanjševanje stigmatizacije, v proces zmanjševanja stigmatizacije pa bi morali vključiti študente različnih zdravstvenih ved. V obravnavo oseb s HIV je treba vključiti tudi ostale profile v zdravstvu, kot so psihologi in socialni delavci. V prihodnosti bi morali izvesti več raziskav na evropskih tleh in na podlagi rezultatov oblikovati ustrezne intervencije za zmanjševanje stigmatizacije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: HIV, AIDS, stigmatizacija, zdravstveni delavci
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108031
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5637739
• Publication date in RUL: 12.06.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Human immunodeficiency virus related stigma in society and health-care system : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: In all likelihood, no other disease has been the source of so much stigmatization as HIV, even though the virus is not transmitted by physical contact, is not deadly and is curable. The conception that HIV is a disease of homosexuals, prostitutes and drug addicts has been part of the collective conscious since the 1980s and has been passed on from one generation to another. Stigmatization has a considerable effect on HIV prevention and treatment and HIV-positive individuals often face stigmatization by health-care workers. Purpose: The purpose of the present thesis is to describe how health-care workers and the society in general stigmatize HIV-positive individuals. Methods: We have reviewed 42 pieces of expert literature in digital form that were published in the period from 2000 to 2019. All texts were obtained from the following resources: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE and SocINDEX databases; and Google Scholar, DiKUL and Mrežnik portal informacijskih virov search engines. Results: HIV is considered to be the most stigmatized diseases in modern society. In some cases, individuals are so afraid of stigma that they do not get tested for HIV, while HIV-positive individuals hide their condition, refuse treatment or receive it too late. Consequently, stigmatized HIV-positive people withdraw from society, which has a significant effect on their mental health. Discussion and conclusion: Lack of knowledge proved to be the most common reason for stigmatization of HIV-positive individuals by health-care workers and the society in general. Health-care workers should be actively involved in raising awareness of HIV, particularly regarding infection pathways as well as stigmatization and its effects on the lives of HIV-positive individuals. They should strive to establish interventions to reduce stigmatization and integrate students of various medical sciences into the associated processes. Other profiles of health-care professionals, such as psychologists and social workers, should also participate in the treatment of HIV/AIDS-positive people. More research should be done on HIV-related stigmatization in Europe and the results of such efforts can serve as the foundation for establishing appropriate interventions to reduce stigma.

• Keywords: HIV, AIDS, stigma, health-care workers