Prikrito brezdomstvo mladih

Koren Bejtulai, Anja (author), Grebenc, Vera (mentor)

V diplomskem delu raziskujem problem prikritega brezdomstva mladih. V Sloveniji imamo dobro razvit sistem socialnega varstva mladih, zato zelo redko prihaja do tega, da se mladi (sploh mladoletni) znajdejo na ulici. V socialnem delu pa moramo brezdomstvo razumeti širše. Brezdomni so tudi mladi, ki sicer živijo doma, vendar njihovo okolje ni varno in so pod stalno grožnjo, da zavetje izgubijo, mladi, ki krožijo med različnimi začasnimi nastanitvenimi možnostmi (npr. institucionalna oskrba), ter mladi, ki sicer živijo sami, vendar nimajo podpore za varen prehod v odraslost. S kvalitativno analizo intervjujev s strokovnimi delavci na področju dela z mladimi in brezdomnimi želim raziskati pojavne oblike te problematike, razumevanje brezdomstva v Sloveniji, življenjsko situacijo mladih, delo in vlogo strokovnih delavcev, potrebe mladih ter potrebe po novih oblikah pomoči in podpore. Pomembna oblika brezdomstva mladih je dnevno brezdomstvo. Ti mladi imajo dom, vendar večji del dni preživijo na ulici. Razlogi za dnevno brezdomstvo so različni (področje tudi ni dobro raziskano); za večino mladih velja, da imajo konfliktne odnose s starši (ali skrbniki), se doma ne počutijo sprejete, varne. Za mlade je značilno, da se ne počutijo brezdomne, imajo široke, neizkoriščene socialne mreže in pogosto krožijo med različnimi začasnimi alternativnimi nastanitvami. Posledično ti mladi redko iščejo pomoč pri organizacijah, ki se ukvarjajo z brezdomnostjo, in so nezaupljivi do odraslih. Dnevno brezdomstvo se pogosto povezuje z uživanjem substanc. Strokovni delavci opozarjajo na potrebo po vzpostavitvi nastanitvenih programov za polnoletne mlade. Neredko se zgodi, da starši zaradi nerešenih težav in stisk otroka po 18. letu postavijo na cesto. Tem mladim so na voljo samo programi za odrasle, ki ne odgovarjajo njihovim potrebam in niso prilagojeni njihovi življenjski situaciji. Strokovni delavci predlagajo tudi programe za mlade uživalce substanc, saj ti pogosto izpadejo iz obstoječih programov. Predlagajo odprtje dnevnega centra za mlade uživalce substanc. Predvideva se, da bi se tako zmanjšal obstoj dnevnega brezdomstva, mladi bi uživali manj substanc in imeli dostop do podpore in storitev, prilagojenim njihovi situaciji. Poudarjajo potrebo po več oziroma novih nastanitvenih programih za mlade po institucionalni namestitvi. Večinoma se dogaja, da se mladi po življenju v instituciji vrnejo v domače okolje – tudi zato, ker nimajo nobene alternative. Strokovni delavci opažajo tudi povezavo med brezdomnostjo v odraslosti in življenjem v instituciji v mladih letih. Mladi ponavadi leta živijo v izredno strukturiranem okolju, potem pa so kar naenkrat prepuščeni sami sebi. Opozarjajo, da moramo razvijati podporne programe, ki bodo mladim pomagali na poti do samostojnega življenja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Mladi, brezdomstvo, dnevno brezdomstvo, ranljivost mladih, razvijanje novih oblik pomoči in podpore, podporni programi.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-107991
• Publication date in RUL: 11.06.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Hidden Homelessness of Young People

Abstract

In the graduation thesis I am exploring the problem of hidden homelessness of young people. In Slovenia we have a well-developed system of youth welfare, so there are rarely situations where young people (specially minors) find themselves on the street. In social work however, we need to understand homelessness more broadly. Homeless are also young people who live at home, but the environment is not safe and they are constantly under the threat of losing shelter, young people who circulate among various temporary accommodation options (e.g. institutional care) and young people who live alone and do not have the support for a safe transition to adulthood. Through a qualitative analysis of interviews with professional workers in the field of youth and homelessness, I would like to explore the emerging forms of the problem, understanding homelessness in Slovenia, the life situation of young people, the work and the role of professional workers, young peoples’ needs and the need for new forms of assistance and support. An important form of youth homelessness is homelessness during the day. These young people have a home but spend most of their days on the street. The reasons for “daily homelessness” are different (the area is also not well researched), most young people have conflicting relationships with their parents (or guardians), they do not feel accepted, safe at home. It is specific for young people that they do not feel homeless, they have broad, unused social networks and often circulate among various temporary alternative accommodation. As a result, these young people rarely seek help from organizations dealing with homelessness and are distrusting towards adults. “Daily homelessness” is often associated with substance use. Professionals point out the need to set up accommodation programs for young adults. It is not uncommon for parents to put their child on the street after they come of age due to unresolved problems and distress. These young people have the option of adult programs that do not respond to their needs and their currant living situation. They also propose programs for young substance users. Young users often fall out of existing programs. They propose opening a day centre for young substance users. It is anticipated that day centres would reduce the existence of “daily homelessness”, young people would use less substances and have access to support and services tailored to their needs. They also emphasize the need for more or new accommodation programs for young people after they leave institutional care. Mostly young people return to their home environment after leaving institutions - also because they have no alternatives. Experts also note the link between homelessness in adulthood and life in institutions in younger years. Young people usually live in an extremely structured environment for years, and then they are left to themselves. They point out that we need to develop support programs that will help young people on their way to independent living.

• Keywords: Youth, homelessness, daily homelessness, vulnerability of young people, development of new forms of assistance and support, support programs.