Preprečevanje športnih poškodb pripadnikov Slovenske vojske med izvajanjem kondicijske vadbe : doktorska disertacija

Kovčan, Bogdan (author), Hadžić, Vedran (mentor), Vodičar, Janez (comentor)

Narava dela pripadnikov Slovenske vojske (SV) zahteva izvajanje dnevne kondicijske vadbe, pri kateri se zgodijo tudi mišično-skeletne poškodbe. Prevladujejo predvsem poškodbe skočnega in kolenskega sklepa. Namena raziskave sta bila izboljšati gibalne sposobnosti in zmanjšati poškodbe pripadnikov SV z izvedbo 12-tedenske vadbene intervencije, ki je bila izvajana 2-krat tedensko v trajanju 45 minut. V različnih delih raziskave je prostovoljno sodelovalo 160 pripadnikov SV, v randomizirani kontrolirani raziskavi, ki je preverjala učinkovitost vadbene intervencije pa 105 (42 v kontrolni in 63 v eksperimentalni skupini). V sklopu raziskave smo pridobili 4 vrste podatkov, in sicer rezultate običajnega preverjanja gibalnih sposobnosti (PGS), rezultate šestih dodatnih testov gibalnih sposobnosti (poglobljeno preverjanje gibalnih sposobnosti - PPGS), podatke o poškodbah ter podatke o demografskih značilnostih iz posebej za to pripravljene ankete. Osnovne ugotovitve doktorske disertacije so sledeče: (1) 12-tedenska preventivna vadba je uspešno in pomembno izboljšala gibalne sposobnosti pripadnikov in pripadnic SV v eksperimentalni skupini, vendar ni statistično značilno zmanjšala število poškodb; (2) dobili smo vpogled v poglobljene gibalne sposobnosti slovenskih vojakov, ki jih sicer redno ne preverjamo, in ki kažejo šibkost mišic zadnjega dela ramenskega obroča kot tudi pomen vzdržljivosti v moči zadnje lože stegna, ki precej dobro napoveduje telesne sposobnosti in je povezana s splošno pojavnostjo poškodb, (3) delež kadilcev v našem vzorcu je bil višji kot v splošni slovenski populaciji, (4) premalo spanja je statistično povezano s štirimi vrstami poškodb, (5) trenutni sistem beleženja poškodb ne daje realne slike o incidenci poškodb pripadnikov SV, (6) ITM pripadnikov je previsok, kar neposredno vpliva na čas teka, skupni rezultat PGS in število dvigov na drogu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: poškodbe, Slovenska vojska, gibalne sposobnosti, dejavniki tveganja, kondicijska vadba
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-107746
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5547441
• Publication date in RUL: 22.05.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Prevention of sport injuries during physical conditioning in Slovenian Armed Forces members

Abstract

Occupational demands of members of Slovenian Armed Forcec (SAF) requires good physical readiness and therefore SAF member have regular daily physical training during which musculo-skeletal injuries may occure. Most freuent injuries are ankle and knee injuries. The main goals of this study were injury prevention and improvement of physical readiness through the exercise intervention that was implemented over 12 week period, with frequency 2 times a week, and each exercise session lasting 45 minutes. In different parts of the study 160 SAF infantry members has voluntarily participated in the study while in a two arm randomized control trial designed to evaluate the effect of exercise intervention soldiers were randomized into control (N=41) and experimental (N=64) group. During the study we have collected 4 types of data: regular annual army physical fitness test (APFT), additional testing of functional physical fitness, injury data and lifestyle and physical training habits data. The main finding of our study is that (1) 12 week of preventive exercise intervention has successfully and significantly improved the physical fitness of SAF members in the experimental group but has not managed to decrease injury incidence. (2) We have evaluated the additional motor abilities of SAF members that are not regularly checked, and have highlighted the weakness of the muscles of the posterior part of the shoulder girdle and upper back, as well as the importance of hamstring strength endurance, which well predicts other physical abilities and is associated with the overall injury occurence. (3) The proportion of smokers in our sample was higher than in the general Slovenian population and (4) too little sleep was statistically related to four types of injuries. (5) Current injury report system of SAF does not give a full and thorough picture of the incidence of musculo-skeletal injuries. (6) The reported BMI in men was too high, which directly affects their overall APFT score and the pull-up performance.

• Keywords: Injuries, Slovenian Armed Forcec, physical readiness, risk factors, physical training.