Čiščenje odpadnih voda v manjšem poslovnem objektu s pomočjo tehnologije MBR

Grubač, Jovana (author), Krzyk, Mario (mentor)

Čiščenje in odvajanje odpadnih voda je problematika s katero se človeštvo sooča že več tisoč let. O modernem čiščenju odpadnih vod govorimo od konca 19 stoletja dalje. Pravila za čiščenje odpadnih vod in mejni parametri so v Evropi predpisani tako na evropskem kot na državnem nivoju in vsaka od članic Evropske Unije ima drugačne zakone ter predpise, ki urejajo to področje. Membranski bioreaktorji so eden od načinov čiščenja odpadnih voda in voda prečiščena na tak način je običajno zelo dobre kvalitete. Membranska tehnologija je doživela izjemen razvoj v zadnjih nekaj deset letih in cena membran je zaradi razvoja tehnoloških postopkov izdelave močno upadla ter tako postala dostopnejša za uporabo na širšem področju. V magistrski nalogi je predstavljeno področje čiščenja odpadnih voda in se osredotoča na membransko tehnologijo. Opisana je membranska tehnologija, vrste membran in pomembni parametri pri čiščenju odpadne vode z membranskim bioreaktorjem. V sklopu naloge je izdelana mala čistilna naprava s tehnologijo MBR. Mala čistilna naprava je postavljena v manjšem poslovnem objektu z 10 zaposlenimi, s pomočjo katere se čisti odpadna voda. V nalogi je prikazana njena zasnova, dimenzioniranje, sestava in delovanje. Obravnavano je tudi nabiranje blata in mašenje membrane, kar predstavlja glavni problem pri uporabi membranske tehnologije. Delovanje pilotne čistilne naprave z membranskim bioreaktorjem je analizirano na podlagi učinkovitosti čiščenja in vrednosti merjenih parametrov prečiščene vode, ki so ovrednoteni na podlagi mejnih parametrov podanih v Uredbi o odvajanju in čiščenju komunalne odpadne vode in na nekaterih dodatnih parametrih, ki niso omejeni za MČN. Rezultati merjenih parametrov iz krovne uredbe (kemijska in biološka potreba po kisiku) v prečiščeni vodi so pod podanimi mejnimi vrednostmi in pilotna membranska čistilna naprava zagotavlja predpisanim kriterijem. V nalogi so ugotovljene tudi nekatere pomanjkljivosti pilotne MČN in predlagane so možne izboljšave in rešitve za dosego boljših rezultatov čiščenja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Čiščenje komunalne odpadne vode, črna voda, MBR, MČN, membranska tehnologija
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-107587
• Publication date in RUL: 28.04.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Wastewater treatment in a small office building with an MBR technology

Abstract

Wastewater treatment is a worldwide problem humanity has been facing for thousands of years. Modern technologies of wastewater treatment are being used from the end of the 19th century onwards. Legislation on wastewater treatment in Europe is both at European and national level, and each of the European Union members has different laws and regulations governing this area. Membrane bioreactors are just one of the many ways for wastewater treatment and the water purified in this way is usually very good quality. Membrane technology has undergone remarkable development over the past few decades and the price of the membranes has declined dramatically due to the development of manufacturing technology, making it more accessible for use in the wider field. The master's thesis presents the field of wastewater treatment and focuses on membrane technology. Membrane technology, types of membranes and important parameters in wastewater treatment with membrane bioreactor are being described in thesis. Within the scope of the thesis, a small purification plant with an MBR technology is constructed. A small MBR treatment plant is located in a small business facility with 10 employees. Using a pilot membrane small wastewater treatment plant, black waste water is treated. Dimensioning, composition and operation of the plant are described in thesis. The main problem in membrane technology – membrane fouling is also described. The operation of the pilot wastewater treatment plant with membrane bioreactor is analysed based on the cleaning efficiency and the value of the measured purified water parameters with border parameters given in the Slovenian regulation “Uredbi o odvajanju in čiščenju komunalne odpadne vode” and on some other parameters that are not limited in regulation. Values of the measured parameters are within permissible limits and the pilot wastewater treatment MBR plant meets the criteria. The shortcomings of the pilot MBR are also identified and possible improvements and solutions are proposed to achieve better results.

• Keywords: Wastewater treatment plant, MBR, membrane technology, small application