Strategije preživetja civilnega prebivalstva v času vojn : primer Afganistan

Mihić, Jelena (author), Garb, Maja (mentor)

Novejšo zgodovino Afganistana je zaznamovalo obdobje hudih spopadov, bojev za oblast in vojn, ki so državo opustošile, vplivale na njen razvoj, povzročile humanitarne krize in hudo trpljenje na milijone civilnih prebivalcev. Današnje vojne terjajo vedno več smrtnih žrtev in poškodb ravno med civilnim prebivalstvom, ki mora v namen preživetja uporabljati različne načine in taktike, ki mu bodo to omogočile. Na izbor taktik in strategij vplivajo številni dejavniki, najpomembnejšo vlogo pri izboru pa ima ravno posameznik sam. Beg je ena izmed strategij, ki je najbolj znana in največkrat uporabljena s strani civilnega prebivalstva v vojnah, zato se na vseh straneh srečujemo s podatki glede števila razseljenih oseb, posledicami migracij za države in tveganji, s katerimi se države ter migranti soočajo. Kljub dejstvu, da posledice vojn najbolj občutijo ljudje, je izredno malo znano o civilistih, ki se odločijo ostati na območju nemirov in o strategijah, ki jih dnevno uporabljajo za izogibanje nevarnosti in s katerimi omogočijo preživetje sebi in svojim najbližjim. Uporaba različnih strategij ni zagotovilo, da bodo civilni prebivalci preživeli, so pa del načrta, kako preživeti v okolju, ki je za posameznika škodljiv in kakšen način delovanja je potrebno izbrati, da se bodo grožnjam varnosti izognili. Za prebivalce Afganistana so vojne postale že stalnice vsakdana in način življenja hkrati. Ne glede na številne bogate izkušnje, ki so jih pridobili z leti trajajočih vojn in nemirov, ne obstaja univerzalna strategija, s katero bodo civilni prebivalci dosegli končni cilj, ki je preživetje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Strategije preživetja, civilno prebivalstvo, vojne, Afganistan.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FDV - Faculty of Social Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-107586
• COBISS.SI-ID: 36128605
• Publication date in RUL: 28.04.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Survival strategies of the civilian population in war : case of Afghanistan

Abstract

The recent history of Afghanistan has been marked by a period of grave conflicts, power wars, and wars that devastated the country, influenced its development, caused humanitarian crises and severe suffering to millions of civilians. Today's wars demand more and more fatalities and injuries precisely among the civilian population, who must in order to survive use different tactics. The choice of these tactics and strategies is influenced by a number of factors, and the most important role in the selection plays the individual himself. Running away is one of the strategies that is best known and most commonly used by the civilian population in wars. Consequently, we are faced with a lot of data on the number of displaced people, the consequences of migration for countries and the risks that countries and migrants face. Despite the fact that the effects of wars are most felt by the people, there is very little knowledge about civilians who decide to stay in the area of turmoil and the strategies that they use daily to avoid danger and to enable survival for themselves and their loved ones. The use of different strategies does not guarantee that the civilian population will survive, but they are part of a plan on how to survive in an environment that is harmful for the individual and what kind of action should be selected so that security threats can be avoided. For the people of Afghanistan, wars have become part of everyday life and a way of life at the same time. Regardless of the many rich experiences that have been gained through years of wars and riots, there is no universal strategy for reaching the civilian population’s ultimate goal of survival.

• Keywords: Survival strategy, civilian population, war, Afghanistan.