Razvoj svetilke za zunanjo osvetlitev kulturnih spomenikov

ERŽEN, MATIC (author), Kobav, Matej Bernard (mentor)

V Sloveniji je veliko število kulturnih spomenikov (cerkve, gradovi), katerih fasade se ponoči osvetljuje na neustrezen način, zaradi česar so ti eden večjih svetlobnih onesnaževalcev v državi. Neprimerne obstoječe razsvetljave imajo v večini preveliko priključno moč in pošiljajo velik delež svetlobe v nebo. Sanacija takih primerov bi pripomogla k znatnemu zmanjšanju onesnaževanja s svetlobo in z njim povezanih stroškov. V diplomski nalogi je predstavljena problematika svetlobnega onesnaževanja v povezavi s kulturnimi spomeniki, točneje cerkvami. Pregledali smo tudi zakonsko ureditev in na podlagi uzakonjenih zahtev naredili študijo rekonstrukcije razsvetljave cerkve Sv. Tomaža v Svetem Tomažu. Sanacijo razsvetljave smo tudi izvedli. Pred tem so bile izvedene tudi meritve svetlosti fasade in pregled razsvetljave. Ugotovili smo, da so svetilke, ki so bile uporabljene pred sanacijo, neprimerne. Narejen je bil načrt sanacije razsvetljave, ki bi bila ustrezna glede na Uredbo o omejevanju svetlobnega onesnaževanja okolja. Izbrali smo varčne COB LED svetilke in s tem rešili večino težav obstoječih svetilk. Da pa te svetilke ne pošljejo preveč svetlobnega toka v nebo, smo se jih odločili zasenčiti z nameščanjem zaslonk v obliki silhuet cerkve. Glavni del naloge predstavlja izračun za velikost in obliko kontur ter praktičen način izdelave zaslonk z željeno konturo s pomočjo fotografij objekta in programske opreme. Sestavljenim svetilkam smo nato izmerili fotometrične lastnosti in simulirali delovanje sanirane razsvetljave. Ugotovili smo, da so nove svetilke primerne in ustrezno zasenčene. Nova razsvetljava je tako skladna z uredbo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: svetlobno onesnaževanje, uredba, zaslonka, kontura, fotografije, simulacija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-107461
• Publication date in RUL: 16.04.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Development of a luminaire for outdoor lighting of cultural heritage

Abstract

At night, the facades of many churches and castles in Slovenia are lit inapropriately, which makes them one of the biggest light pollutors in the country. The wattage of the unsuitable existing lighting solutions is often too high and too much light is being misdirected into the sky. A better lighting planning in these cases would help significantly reduce light pollution and the associated effects. The thesis explores the issues associated with the light pollution problem, especially in the case of exterior lighting of cultural monuments, specificaly churches. We reviewed the light pollution regulations and studied the lighting reconstruction in a particular case of church of Sv. Tomaž in Sveti Tomaž. The facade luminance measurements were made beforehand and the results indicated that the existing lighting was unsuitable. A reconstruction plan of lighting system, that meets the requirements of the light pollution regulation was made. Energy-saving COB LED lamps were selected as replacement, which solved most of the problems with the existing lighting. To minimize the amount of light escaping into the sky, we decided to upgrade them with an installation of a screen with the church contour cut out of it. The main part of the thesis contains the calculation of the size of the contour and practical manufacturing method of the screens with the use of church photographs and CAD software. The results of photometric measurements of the new lamps enabled us to do a software simulation of the new lighting situation. The simulation proved that the new lamps meet the regulations and the installation followed.

• Keywords: light pollution, regulation, screen, contour, photos, simulation