Analiza pogovorov otrok o izbranih vrstah primatov v Živalskem vrtu Ljubljana

Starič, Laura (author), Torkar, Gregor (mentor)

Poznavanje živali vpliva na otrokova prepričanja in vedenje do njih, zato je oblikovanje pozitivnega odnosa do živali eden glavnih ciljev neformalnih izobraževalnih institucij. Predstave obiskovalcev v živalskih vrtovih lahko preverjamo z analizo pogovorov obiskovalcev pri posamezni živalski vrsti. Na vsebino pogovora vplivajo številni dejavniki kot so namen obiska, socialna sestava skupine, stališča in stereotipi, predhodno znanje obiskovalcev ter aktivnost opazovane živali. V magistrskem delu sem s pomočjo zapisovanja pogovorov raziskovala, ali se pogovorne kategorije razlikujejo glede na relacijo: otrok – odrasel ter glede na starostno skupino otrok pri posamezni živalski vrsti (sajmirjih, šimpanzih ter črnih čopičarkah). Hkrati pa me je zanimalo razumevanje klasifikacije izbranih vrst primatov med različnimi starostnimi skupinami, ter katere napačne ali pomanjkljive predstave otrok ter odraslih o živalih je mogoče razbrati iz njihovih pogovorov o živalih. Analizirala sem tudi tipe pogovorov staršev z otroki in njihovo frekventnost. V raziskavo, ki sem jo opravila, je bilo vključenih 420 obiskovalcev, od tega 169 otrok in 251 odraslih. Ocenjena starost otrok je bila med šest in enajst let. Ugotovila sem, da se v pogovorih otrok s starši večina komentarjev nanaša na vedenje živali. Otroci so bili tisti, ki so pogovor začeli in ga tudi končali, premalo pa je starševskih spodbud, da bi otrokom razširili znanja. Pri šimpanzih in sajmirjih so v vseh starostnih skupinah največkrat omenjali vedenje živali, pri črnih čopičarkah pa so najmlajši otroci govorili o delih telesa, starejši pa so najpogosteje komentirali njihov prostor. Opažam, da je odnos do primatov še vedno v veliki meri negativen, ta je najbolj izrazit pri šimpanzih. Največ napačnih oziroma pomanjkljivih predstav se je pojavljalo v zvezi s hranjenjem. Opaznejših razlik med poimenovanjem živalskih vrst glede na starostno skupino ni. Otroci za izbrane živalske vrste uporabljajo pogovorna, nekateri tudi napačna imena. Največ pogovorov se osredotoča na živalske obore, vedenje ali anatomijo živali.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: živalski vrt
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-107387
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12373321
• Publication date in RUL: 11.04.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of children’s conversations about the selected primate species in the Ljubljana ZOO

Abstract

Knowledge about animals influences children’s beliefs about animals and the way they treat them, which makes forming a positive attitude towards animals one of the main goals of non-formal educational institutions. We can check zoo visitors’ beliefs by analysing their conversations near the individual species. The themes of their conversations depend on the purpose of the visit, social pattern of the group, beliefs and stereotypes, previous knowledge of the visitors and activity of the observed animal. In my master's thesis, I used notes of conversations to research the potential differences between conversation categories, regarding the adult-child relation, and regarding the age groups of children commenting on different species (squirrel monkeys, chimpanzees and black-tufted marmosets). I was also interested in the understanding of chosen primates’ classification among different age groups, as well as the types of wrong or insufficient understanding of the species among children and adults, as having been concluded from their conversations. I also analysed types and frequency of conversations between parents and children. My research included 420 visitors, of which 169 were children and 251 were adults. The estimated age of the children was between 6 and 11 years. I found out that most comments in their conversations were about the behaviour of the animals. Children mostly initiated and ended the conversations, there is not enough encouragement from the parents to widen their children’s knowledge. While talking about chimpanzees and squirrel monkeys all age groups mostly mentioned the behaviour of the animals. While talking about the black-tufted marmosets younger children talked about their body parts while older ones mostly commented on their space. I noticed that people still have a negative attitude towards primates, this is especially true towards the chimpanzees. Most wrong or insufficient beliefs appeared to be about feeding. There were no noticeable differences between age groups regarding the naming of the species. Children tend to use colloquial names and sometimes also wrong ones. Most conversations were about the enclosures of the animals, their behaviour and anatomy.

• Keywords: zoological garden