Ugotavljanje učinka tal in učinka stropa modificirane slovenske različice mini-best testa za oceno ravnotežja pri starejših odraslih : diplomsko delo

Sešek, Matic (author), Rugelj, Darja (mentor)

Uvod: Ohranjanje ravnotežja je kompleksna funkcija, pri kateri sodelujejo osrednje živčevje, mišično-skeletni, živčno-mišični, senzorični in kognitivni sistem. Staranje povzroči upadanje funkcij številnih telesnih sistemov, najbolj pa prizadene mišično-skeletni, vidni, vestibularni, proprioceptivni in kognitivni sistem. Ravnotežje delimo na statično ravnotežje oziroma uravnavanje drže, dinamično-proaktivno in dinamično-reaktivno ravnotežje. V preteklosti so ocenjevalni protokoli ocenjevali le prisotnost ali odsotnost težav z ravnotežjem in tveganje za padec, niso pa ocenjevali posameznih komponent ravnotežja. Krajša različica testa za ocenjevanje sistemov, ki sodelujejo pri vzdrževanju ravnotežja (mini-BESTest), testira preiskovančevo proaktivno in reaktivno ravnotežje, delovanje njegovih senzoričnih sistemov in njegovo ravnotežje med hojo. Namen: Ugotoviti smo želeli, ali je pri slovenski inačici mini-BESTesta prisoten učinek tal in stropa pri dveh različnih skupinah starejših odraslih in katere naloge ocenjevalnega protokola so za preiskovance iz teh skupin najtežje in katere najlažje. Metode dela: Z modificiranim mini-BESTestom smo testirali 76 starejših odraslih, razdeljenih v dve skupini, nato pa iz pridobljenih podatkov izračunali opisne statistike. Rezultati: V skupini mlajših starejših odraslih sta najvišje skupno število točk mini-BESTesta dosegla dva preiskovanca (5 %). Najnižjega skupnega števila točk mini-BESTesta ni dosegel nihče. Pri skupini zelo starih starejših odraslih ni nihče izmed preiskovancev dosegel niti najvišje niti najnižje skupne ocene mini-BESTesta. Najlažje naloge za mlajše starejše odrasle so bile vstajanje iz sedečega položaja, stoja na trdi podlagi z odprtimi očmi, stoja na klančini z zaprtimi očmi in hoja z vmesnim spreminjanjem hitrosti, medtem ko je bila za zelo stare starejše odrasle najlažja naloga hoja z vmesnim spreminjanjem hitrosti. Najtežja naloga za mlajše starejše odrasle je bila izvedba zaščitnega koraka vstran, za zelo stare starejše odrasle pa stoja na eni nogi. Razprava in zaključek: Ker je le 5 % mlajših starejših odraslih doseglo najvišje skupno število točk, ugotavljamo, da mini-BESTest pri tej skupini preiskovancev nima učinka stropa in je še vedno primeren za uporabo tako pri mlajših kot tudi pri zelo starih starejših odraslih. Rezultati testiranja so pokazali tudi, da se mlajši in zelo stari starejši odrasli razlikujejo v oceni težavnosti posameznih nalog mini-BESTesta.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: ravnotežje, starejši odrasli, mini BESTest, učinek stropa, težavnost nalog
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-106537
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5592171
• Publication date in RUL: 03.03.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The floor and ceiling effect of modified Slovenian version of mini-best test for elderly adults : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Postural control is a complex function managed by central nervous system, musculo-skeletal system, neuro-muscular system, sensory system and cognition. Aging has negative impact on many bodily systems, but it affects most the musculo-skeletal system, visual system, vestibular system, proprioceptive system and cognition. Postural control consists of three types of balance. These are steady-state balance, anticipatory balance and reactive balance. In the past, postural control assessment tools were built to recognize whether a person has balance issues or is prone to falling, but not which type of balance is affected. Short version of Balance Evaluation Systems Test (mini-BESTest) is an assessment tool designed to check individuals anticipatory balance, reactive balance, sensory orientation and dynamic gait balance. Purpose: Our goal was to check ceiling and floor effect of modified Slovenian version of mini-BESTest and which of the protocol balance tasks are the easiest and the hardest among two different types of elderly population. Methods: Using mini-BESTest, we assessed balance of 76 elderly adults split among two groups. Afterwards, the mini-BESTest data was used to calculate descriptive statistics. Results: The data acquired by using the mini-BESTest assessment protocol showed that only two individuals (5 %) from young elderly group reached maximum amount of points (42). There was no ceiling effect observed among older elderly adults. Furthermore, no floor effect was observed on either test group. The data also provided information which of the mini-BESTest balance tasks are the hardest and which are the easiest. For the young elderly, the easiest tasks were sit to stand, stance on a firm surface with eyes open, stance on an inclined surface with eyes closed and walking with intermediate change in gait speed, while the hardest task was compensatory stepping correction to the side. For the older elderly, the easiest task was walking with intermediate change in gait speed, while the hardest task was single leg stance. Discussion and conclusion: Despite 5 % of younger eldery adults reaching maximum amount of points, mini-BESTest is still suitable to use for assessment of balance for both groups of the elderly adults. The data collected using modified Slovenian mini-BESTest also showed that there is a gap in difficulty of balance task between the two groups of elderly population.

• Keywords: postural control, elderly adults, mini-BESTest, ceiling effect, difficulty of balance task