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Profilaktično antibiotično zdravljenje pri terapevtsko hlajenih bolnikih po srčnem zastoju
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Fileković Ribarič, Suada
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Noč, Marko
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Abstract
Izhodišče: Oskrba nezavestnih bolnikov po primarnem srčnem zastoju izven bolnišnice se je izboljšala na račun ukrepov, ki zajemajo terapevtsko hipotermijo, takojšnjo koronarno angiografijo in perkutane koronarne posege ter sodobno intenzivno terapijo. Poreanimacijski sistemski vnetni odgovor, ki je posledica ishemično-reperfuzijske okvare in zgodnje okužbe, lahko privede do motenega delovanja številnih organov in slabšega preživetja. Zgodnje zdravljenje z antibiotikom se je pri tej skupini bolnikov pokazalo kot neodvisni napovednik preživetja z dobrim nevrološkim izhodom. Namen: Raziskati prednosti antibiotične profilakse pri nezavestnih bolnikih po primarnem srčnem zastoju izven bolnišnice. Hipoteza: Profilaktično antibiotično zdravljenje ob sprejemu zmanjša obseg poreanimacijskega sistemskega vnetnega odgovora zaradi zmanjšanja pojavnosti zgodnjih okužb, še posebno pljučnice. Metoda: Bolnike brez znakov traheobronhialne aspiracije ob sprejemu smo randomizirali v skupino, ki je prejela profilaktično amoksicilin/klavulansko kislino (1,2 g/8h intravenozno) za čas intervencije (skupina P), ali v skupino, kjer je bil antibiotik predpisan na osnovi kliničnih znakov okužbe (skupina C) v prvem tednu zdravljenja. Rezultati: Med 83 bolniki, ki smo jih zajeli med septembrom 2013 in februarjem 2015, je bila pri 23 prisotna traheobronhialna aspiracija (28 %). Preostalih 60 bolnikov smo randomizirali. Delež bolnikov, ki so prejeli antibiotike med 1. in 5. dnevom, je bil značilno večji v skupini P. V poreanimacijskem obdobju je pri vseh bolnikih poraslo število levkocitov (Lkci), koncentracija C-reaktivnega proteina (CRP) in prokalcitonina (PCT) ter nevtrofilna ekspresija CD64 (nCD 64). Z izjemo nižje vrednosti CRP in PCT 6. dan v skupini P (p < 0,05) ni bilo značilne razlike med skupinama. Mini-BAL 3. dan zdravljenja je bil pri bolnikih skupine P redkeje pozitiven (7 proti 42 %; p < 0,01). Ni bilo razlike pri drugih mikrobioloških vzorcih ali radioloških znakih pljučnice, kar je bilo celokupno dokumentirano pri polovici bolnikov v obeh skupinah. Uporaba vazopresorjev/inotropov (93 % v obeh skupinah), trajanje mehanskega predihavanja (5,4 ± 3,7 proti 5,2 ± 3,1 dni), trajanje intubacije (6,5 ± 4,6 proti 5,9 ± 4,3 dni), čas hospitalizacije v EIT (7,7 ± 5,2 proti 6,9 ± 4,5 dni), preživetje (73 proti 73 %) in preživetje z dobrim nevrološkim izhodom (50 proti 40 %) so bili primerljivi med skupinama. Zaključek: S pomočjo bronhoskopije ob sprejemu smo diagnosticirali traheobronhialno aspiracijo pri 28 % preživelih po primarnem srčnem zastoju izven bolnišnice, ki so ostali nezavestni. V primeru odsotne aspiracije uporaba profilaktičnega antibiotičnega zdravljenja ne spremeni sistemskega vnetnega odgovora, pogostosti pljučnice, poteka in izhoda zdravljenja.
Language:
Slovenian
Keywords:
Primarni srčni zastoj izven bolnišnice
Profilaktično antibiotično zdravljenje
Hipotermija
Work type:
Doctoral dissertation
Organization:
MF - Faculty of Medicine
Year:
2019
PID:
20.500.12556/RUL-106071
COBISS.SI-ID:
298688768
Publication date in RUL:
23.01.2019
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3370
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416
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English
Title:
Prophylactic antibiotics in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated with hypotermia
Abstract:
Background: Postresuscitation management of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest significantly improved on behalf of the “bundle of care” -- including therapeutic hypothermia, immediate coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and contemporary intensive care. Systemic inflammatory response driven by ischemia-reperfusion injury and early-onset infection, especially pneumonia, may lead to multiple organ dysfunction and decreased survival of this group of patients. Administration of antibiotic during the early postresuscitation phase was an independent predictor of survival with good neurological outcome. Aim: To investigate benefits of prophylactic antibiotics in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Hypothesis: Prophylactic antibiotics administration on admission may decrease severity of postresuscitation systemic inflammatory response by reducing the incidence of early postresuscitation infection and especially pneumonia. Methods: Patients without evidence of tracheobronchial aspiration on admission bronchoscopy were randomized to prophylactic Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid 1.2g every 8h (group P) or clinically-driven antibiotics (group C) administered if signs of infection developed during initial 7 days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Results: Among 83 patients enrolled between September 2013 and February 2015, tracheobronchial aspiration was documented in 23 (28 %). Accordingly, 60 patients were randomized. Percentage of patients on antibiotics between days 1. -5. was significantly greater in P group. White blood count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT) and neutrophil CD64 expression (nCD 64) significantly increased during the postresuscitation phase. Except for lower CRP and PCT in group P on day 6 (p < 0.05), there was no significant differences. Mini BAL on day 3 was less often positive in group P (7 % vs. 42 %; p < 0.01). There was no significant differences in other microbiological samples and X-ray signs of pneumonia, which was documented in 50 % in both groups. Use vasopressors/inotropes (93 % in both groups), duration of mechanical ventilation (5.4 ± 3.7 vs. 5.2 ± 3.1 days), tracheal intubation (6.5 ± 4.6 vs. 5.9 ± 4.3 days), ICU stay (7.7 ± 5.2 vs. 6.9 ± 4.5 days), survival (73 % vs. 73 %) and survival with good neurological outcome (50 % vs. 40 %) were also comparable between P and C groups. Conclusion: Bronchoscopy on admission documented tracheobronchial aspiration in 28 % of comatose survivors of OHCA. In the absence of aspiration, prophylactic antibiotics did not significantly alter systemic inflammatory response, postresuscitation pneumonia, ICU treatment and outcome.
Keywords:
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Prophylactic antibiotic treatment
Hypothermia
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