Geokemične in izotopske raziskave sedimentov, leščurjev (Pinna nobilis) in morske trave (Posidonia oceanica) na izbranih lokacijah Nacionalnega parka Kornati (Hrvaška)

Žgeč, Blažka (author), Dolenec, Matej (mentor), Lojen, Sonja (co-mentor)

Antropogeni vplivi na morske organizme so številni in vključujejo večanje količin strupenih elementov ali spojin, spremembe habitatov, neposredne spremembe nekaterih vrst, motnje naravnih ciklov hranil idr. Intenzivni razvoj industrije, infrastruktur in turizma povzroča kopičenje snovi v vodnem stolpcu in sedimentih. Kot rezultat so morski organizmi izpostavljeni vedno višjim koncentracijam snovi v okolju. V magistrski nalogi smo ugotavljali geokemične in izotopske značilnosti velikih leščurjev P. nobilis (Linne, 1758), morske trave P. oceanica (Linne, 1758), čokatih volekov H. trunculus (Linne, 1758) in sedimentov. Vzorci so bili zbrani v okviru bilateralnega sodelovanja med Slovenijo in Hrvaško, na območju Nacionalnega parka Kornati. Izbrali smo pet lokacij, ki se med seboj razlikujejo glede na večjo, manjšo in najmanjšo možnost antropogenega vpliva na morske sedimente in posledično morske organizme. Določili smo izotopske značilnosti različnih delov mehkega tkiva velikih leščurjev (mišica, škrge, želodec) in morske trave pozejdonke (koreninski in nadkoreninski del). Spremembe izotopskih profilov v mehkem tkivu velikega leščurja in pozejdonke so posledica naravnih procesov in ne kažejo na antropogeno onesnaženje. Z geokemičnimi analizami smo v velikem leščurju, čokatem voleku in sedimentih ugotovili obseg antropogenih vplivov na izbranih lokacijah. V velikem leščurju in čokatem voleku, nas je zanimala predvsem vsebnost izbranih potencialno strupenih elementov PTE, redkih zemelj REE ter elementov skupine platine PGE. V površinskih sedimentih smo ugotavljali vsebnost REE. Rezultati geokemičnih analiz v mehkem tkivu velikega leščurja, čokatega voleka in sedimenta kažejo na antropogeno onesnaženje na lokacijah Mana, Piškera in Vrulje. Koncentracije so v mehkem tkivu velikega leščurja za večino PTE, REE in PGE višje, kot v mehkem tkivu čokatega voleka. V primerjavi z organizmi so koncentracije REE v sedimentih višje. Z metodo laserske ablacije smo po najdaljšem delu lupine in v prirastnicah velikega leščurja določili variabilnost izbranih PTE (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se) in REE (La, Ce) v času rasti organizma. V ta namen smo izrezali prečne profile skeletov velikega leščurja iz lokacije Piškera (P-PN1) in izdelali polirane preparate. S primerjavo analiz z metodo LA-ICP-MS, smo ugotovili večje antropogeno onesnaženje v zadnjih 10–20 letih.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: veliki Leščur Pinna nobilis (Linne, 1758), morska trava Posidonia oceanica (Linne, 1758), čokati volek Hexaplex trunculus (Linne, 1758), PTE, REE, PGE, izotopska sestava ogljika in dušika, laserska ablacija
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-105955
• COBISS.SI-ID: 1453150
• Publication date in RUL: 05.01.2019

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Geochemical and isotopic study of sediments, fan mussel (Pinna nobilis) and seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) from selected locations in the National Park Kornati (Croatia)

Abstract

Anthropogenic effects on marine organisms are numerous and include the increase in quantities of toxic elements or compounds, changes in habitats, direct changes in certain species, disruption of natural nutrient cycles, etc. The intensive development of industry, infrastructure and tourism causes accumulation of substances in the water column and sediments. As a result, marine organisms are exposed to ever-higher concentrations of substances in the environment. In the master's thesis we have determined the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of noble pen shell P. nobilis (Linne, 1758), seagrass P. oceanica (Linne, 1758), sea snail H. trunculus (Linne, 1758) and sediments. The samples were collected in the framework of bilateral cooperation between Slovenia and Croatia, in the area of the National Park Kornati. Selected sampling locations differ from each other in view of the larger, smaller and smallest possible anthropogenic impacts on marine sediments and marine organisms. We determined the isotopic characteristics of various parts of soft tissue from noble pen shell (muscle, gills, stomach) and seagrass (root and leaves). Changes of the isotope value in the soft tissue of the noble pen shell and sea snail are the result of natural processes and do not indicate anthropogenic contamination. With geochemical analyzes of noble pen shell, sea snail and sediments we determined the extent of anthropogenic impacts at selected sampling locations. In noble pen shell sea snail, we were particularly interested in the content of selected potentially toxic elements PTE, rare earth metals REE and platinum group elements PGE. In sediments we were interested in content of REE. The results of the geochemical analysis of noble pen shell, sea snail and sediments show anthropogenic pollution at locations Mana, Piškera and Vrulje. The concentrations in the soft tissue of noble pen shell are higher for most PTE, REE and PGE than in the soft tissue of sea snail. Compared to organisms, concentrations of REE in sediments are higher. Using the laser ablation method, we tried to determine the variability of PTE (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se) and REE (La, Ce) during the growth of the organism. For this purpose we made thin section of noble pen shell from the Piškera location (P-PN1). By comparing LA-ICP-MS analyzes, we determined major anthropogenic pollution over the past 10-20 years.

• Keywords: noble pen shell Pinna nobilis (Linne, 1758), seagrass Posidonia oceanica (Linne, 1758), sea snail Hexaplex trunculus (Linne, 1758), PTE, REE, PGE, stable isotope ratios, laser ablation