Analiza prehrane bikov pitancev na kmetiji Pri Brezarju

Zupan, Anja (author), Kermauner, Ajda (mentor)

Na domači kmetiji Pri Brezarju redimo bike pitance črno-bele pasme, za katere krmni obrok ni bil nikoli izračunan, prav tako krma ni bila nikoli analizirana. Krmo, ki jo pridelamo doma, smo v Kemijskem laboratoriju Oddelka za zootehniko Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani analizirali in s temi podatki pripravili predloge obrokov za živali. Iz registra govedi smo pridobili podatke o živalih na kmetiji od leta 2012 do 2018: starosti živali ob zakolu ter maso toplih polovic, iz katerih smo izračunali dnevne priraste in telesno maso zaklanih živali. Analiza krme je pokazala, da je bila pridelana krma slabe kakovosti. Mrva prve košnje je vsebovala zelo malo SB (80,2 g/kg SS) in energije (8,04 MJ ME/kg SS). Travna silaža je ravno tako vsebovala premalo SB (130,28 g/kg SS), vsebnost energije pa je bila zadovoljiva (9,75 MJ ME/kg SS), je pa vsebovala le 308,57 g sušine/kg. Koruzna silaža je vsebovala nekoliko preveč SS (463,98 g/kg), vendar pa je imela vseeno dovolj ME (10,73 MJ/kg SS). Povprečna klavna telesna masa črno-belih bikov pitancev je znašala 675 kg, povprečen dnevni prirast 912 g/dan, povprečna masa toplih polovic 365 kg, pitanje na kmetiji pa je trajalo v povprečju 688 dni. Vsi rezultati na kmetiji so bili boljši od slovenskega povprečja za črno-belo pasmo, z izjemo dolžine pitanja. Ker je krma zelo slabe kakovosti, smo v predlogih obrokov morali dodajati različna močna krmila, da smo pokrili potrebe po hranljivih snoveh. Zato bo potrebno v naslednjih letih veliko delati na kakovosti krme s pravilnim časom spravila, kakor tudi z gnojenjem površin, na katerih pridelujemo krmo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: govedo, črno-bela pasma, biki, pitanci, prehrana živali, Slovenija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-105818
• COBISS.SI-ID: 4171400
• Publication date in RUL: 19.12.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of nutrition of fattening bulls on the farm "Pri Brezarju"

Abstract

On the farm Pri Brezarju, Holstein-Friesian fattening bulls are breed, for which the feed ration was calculated never before, and the forage was never analyzed. The home produced forage was now analyzed in the Chemical laboratory at the Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana. From the cattle register data of the fatteners from years 2012 to 2018 was gathered: the slaughter age of the fatteners and the carcass weight, from which the daily weight gain and slaughter weight of bulls was calculated. The forage analysis showed that poor quality fodder was produced. The first cut hay contained very low quantity of crude protein (CP) (80.2 g/kg of dry matter (DM)) and energy (8.04 MJ of metabolisable energy (ME)/kg DM). The grass silage also did not contain enough CP (130.28 g/kg DM), the content of energy was satisfactory (9.75 MJ ME/kg DM), but silage was not dry enough, as it contained only 308.57 g of DM/kg. Maize silage contained slightly too much DM (463.98 g/kg), but it had enough ME content (10.73 MJ/kg DM). The average slaughter weight of Holstein-Friesian fattening bulls was 675 kg, the average daily weight gain 912 g/day, the average carcass weight 365 kg, the fattening period was in average 688 days. All the results obtained on the farm were better than the Slovenian average for Holstein-Friesian bulls, with the exception of duration of the fattening period. Because of the poor quality of forages,various concentrated feeds in the proposal of new feed ration needed to be added to cover the needs for nutrients. Therefore, in the coming years, a lot of work will have to be done on the quality of the forages, with the proper harvest time and adequate fertilization of the land on which the feed is produced.

• Keywords: cattle, Holstein-Friesian breed, fattening bulls, animal nutrition, Slovenia