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Optical detection of impact contact times with a beam deflection probe
ID Požar, Tomaž (Author), ID Rus, Janez (Author), ID Petkovšek, Rok (Author)

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Abstract
We present an optical detection technique, called the beam deflection probe, to accurately measure contact times of normal-incidence impacts of steel and sapphire spheres with a transparent glass block. It exploits the deformation of the area that is in a mechanical touch during the rebound. The deformation of the surface acts as a dynamic contact mirror. When illuminated by a laser beam, total internal reflection takes place at the contact mirror, the beam is deflected from it, and its angular deflection history is moni- tored by a quadrant photodiode. A simple threshold-level data processing of the photodiode signals is used to determine the impact duration. It is shown that the shape of the signal is highly dependent on the location of the impact relative to the center of the laser-beam illuminated area while the determination of the contact time does not depend on the impact position. Using an automated ball release mechanism, the contact time of low-velocity impacts was measured for various ball diameters and approach velocities conforming to the Hertz contact theory. The proposed optical detection of contact times supplements the existing measurement techniques and represents the only alternative to the piezoelectric detection when contact times are to be measured on the microsecond scale.

Language:English
Keywords:contact time, Hertz contact theory, beam deflection probe, elastic impact, contact mirror
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:FS - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Author Accepted Manuscript
Year:2017
Number of pages:Str. 1225-1238
Numbering:Vol. 57, iss. 8
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-105552 This link opens in a new window
UDC:531.3:620.1/.2(045)
ISSN on article:0014-4851
DOI:10.1007/s11340-017-0289-8 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:15512859 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:05.12.2018
Views:1594
Downloads:744
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Experimental mechanics
Shortened title:Exp. mech.
Publisher:Springer
ISSN:0014-4851
COBISS.SI-ID:4569866 This link opens in a new window

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Abstract:
Predstavljamo optično merilno metodo, imenovano laserska odklonska sonda, za natančno merjenje kontaktnih časov pravokotnih udarcev jeklenih in safirnih kroglic s prozorno stekleno kocko. Metoda izrablja deformacijo območja, ki je pri odboju v mehanskem kontaktu. Deformacija površine deluje kot dinamično kontaktno zrcalo. Ko je osvetljeno z laserskim žarkom, pride na kontaktnem zrcalu do totalnega notranjega odboja, žarek se odkloni, njegovo časovno kotno odvisnost pa spremlja kvadrantna fotodioda. Za določitev trajanja trkov uporabljamo preprosto pragovno procesiranje signalov. Pokazali smo, da je oblika signala močno odvisna od mesta udarca glede na središče območja, ki ga osvetljuje laserski žarek, medtem ko določitev časa kontakta ni odvisna od položaja udarca. Z avtomatiziranim mehanizmom za spuščanje kroglic smo določili čas stika pri udarcih z nizko hitrostjo pri različnih premerih kroglic in različnih vpadnih hitrostih. Rezultati so skladajo s Hertzevo teorijo. Predlagana optična detekcija kontaktnih časov dopolnjuje obstoječe merilne tehnike in predstavlja edino alternativo piezoelektrični detekciji, kadar je kontaktne čase potreba meriti na mikrosekundni skali.

Keywords:čas trka, Hertzeva kontaktna teorija, odklonska soda, elastični trk, kontaktno zrcalo

Projects

Funder:ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:P2-0270, P2-0392
Name:Proizvodni sistemi, laserske tehnologije in spajanje materialov, Optodinamika

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