Pomladna flora Ljubljane kot izhodišče za poučevanje botanike v osnovni šoli

Malovrh, Katja (avtor), Jogan, Nejc (mentor), Bačič, Martina (komentor)

V Ljubljani je spomladi veliko rastlin, ki jih pogosto spregledamo. Ljubljana je mesto z veliko urbaniziranimi območji. Zavedati se moramo, da rastline uspevajo tudi na nam manj znanih rastiščih. Rastejo med tlakovci, na suhih zbitih tleh, strehah, razmočenih tleh, itd. Obstaja kar nekaj popisov flore Ljubljane, podrobni popis rastlinskih vrst Ljubljane v zgodnji spomladi (februar, marec, april) še ni bil izdelan. Zato sem se odločila za popis spomladanske flore znotraj območja Ljubljanske obvoznice. Osredotočila sem se samo na cvetoče zelnate rastline. Popisa sem se lotila tako, da sem si znotraj kvadranta izbrala nekaj rastišč in popisala tam cvetoče vrste. Kvadranti so bili veliki 1 km2. Skupaj s predhodnimi podatki smo zbrali 87 spomladanskih vrst v 70 kvadrantih. Najpogosteje popisane vrste so bile iz družin: Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae in Fabaceae. V spomladanski flori Ljubljane so najpogostejši hemikriptofiti in geofiti. S popisom sem dobila vpogled v pestrost rastlinskih vrst na tem območju Ljubljane, v spomladanskem času. Izdelala sem opise najpogostejših vrst, poleg tega sem k vsaki opisani vrsti dodala še zemljevid znane razširjenosti v Ljubljani. Omeniti je treba, da nismo popisali celotnih kvadrantov, tako da je verjetno, da je kje katera vrsta tudi izpuščena, prav tako manjkajo tudi številne vrste npr. trave in šaši, ki so težji za prepoznavo. Glede na relativno veliko število popisanih vrst sem pokazala, da lahko tudi v glavnem mestu, za katerega mislimo, da ni primerno za izvedbo naravoslovnih dni, najdemo veliko možnosti za poučevanje botanike na terenu. Ker učitelji načeloma neradi poučujejo zunaj učilnice, sem popis želela uporabiti tudi za izobraževanje otrok. Ustvarila sem sezname po kvadrantih in učne priprave za izvedbo naravoslovnega dne. Poleg seznama sem izbrala še nekaj rastlinskih vrst, ki se mi zdijo primerne za doseganje izbranih učnih ciljev in zraven dopisala, kaj na njih lahko pokažemo. V magistrski nalogi sem se osredotočila na poučevanje botanike na predmetni stopnji, torej od 6. razreda dalje. Botanične vsebine se v osnovni šoli poučuje v 6. in 9. razredu. Ker pa so predvsem v 6. razredu rastline glavna tema, sem namenila še posebno poglavje rastlinam primernim za poučevanje različnih rastlinskih organov. Upam, da bom kakšnega učitelja spodbudila, da bo dan ali vsaj uro posvetil poučevanju izven učilnice in učencem omogočil neposreden stik z naravo.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Ljubljana
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-105529
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12230985
• Datum objave v RUL: 10.12.2018

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Spring flora of Ljubljana as a tool for teaching botany in primary school

Izvleček

In spring, there are plenty of plants in Ljubljana, which are often more or less overlooked. Ljubljana is a town with many urbanized areas. It is necessary to be aware that plants also grow on less obvious places. They grow between paving, on dried compacted ground, on roofs, in the swamp, etc. Although, there are quite a few censuses of Ljubljana’s flora, there is a lack of detailed census of the spring flora. For these reasons, I decided to make a census of the spring flora within the ring road of Ljubljana. I focused only on flowering herbaceous plants. I started the census by picking out a few areas within the quadrant and listed the flowering species there. The quadrants were 1 km2 large. Together with the preliminary data, we collected 87 in spring species on 70 quadrants. The most common species were from the families: Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae and Fabaceae. Hemikriptophytes and geophytes are most commonly found in Ljubljana. With the census I got a better insight into diversity of spring plant species in the Ljubljana’s area. I made descriptions of the most common species. I also added a map of known prevalence in Ljubljana’s area to each of the described species. It is necessary to mention that we did not map all quadrants, so it is likely that some species are omitted. Given the relatively large number of species listed, I have also proved that in the capital, which we think is not suited for the implementation of science days; there are many opportunities for teaching botany. In principle, teachers are reluctant to teach outside the classroom. I would like to use the census for the education of children. I created lists of quadrants and lesson plans for science day. In addition to the quadrant lists, I have selected a few more plants that I find suitable for achieving certain learning aims. I also added what we can show children on these plants. In my Master’s thesis, I focused on teaching botany at the subject level, that is, from the 6th grade to 9th grade. Botany is taught in 6th and 9th grade of primary school. Since, in the 6th grade, plants are the main topic, I have devoted a special chapter to plants suitable for teaching different plant organs. I hope I will encourage teachers to dedicate some of their time to teach outside of the classroom and enable students to have direct contact with nature.

• Ključne besede: Ljubljana