MODELI KAZNOVALNE POLITIKE V SLOVENIJI IN IZBRANIH DRŽAVAH

Močnik, Vanja (author), Durnik, Mitja (mentor)

Vedi, ki poleg izvrševanja kazenskih sankcij preučuje tudi namene kaznovanja ter kaznovalne politike, rečemo penologija. Nekje do časa po 2. svetovni vojni je bil namen kaznovanja zastraševanje. Kazni so izvajali javno, prisotno je bilo mučenje. V času po 2. svetovni vojni pa se je začela razvijati nova ideja o kaznovanju zapornikov, po kateri danes deluje že večina zapornih ustanov. Skozi zgodovino sta se razvili tudi dve temeljni teoriji kaznovanja, ki sta si nasprotni. Prva trdi, da je namen kaznovanja v zastraševanju, maščevanju ter strogih oblikah kaznovanja, druga pa ravno obratno, da je namen kaznovanja rehabilitacija zapornika. V diplomskem delu bom obravnavala tri države, in sicer Slovenijo, Hrvaško ter Švedsko. Opisala bom njihovo kaznovalno politiko, nato pa jih primerjala med seboj na podlagi zapisov o zaporskih pravilih, ki veljajo v posamezni izbrani državi. Cilj diplomskega dela je raziskati razvoj kazenskih sankcij od praskupnosti do danes, opisati ključni teoriji, ki sta se razvijali vzporedno, ter predstaviti kazensko politiko izbranih držav, nato pa jih med seboj še primerjati glede na zaporniška pravila, ki tam veljajo. Ugotovitve diplomskega dela so, da se je namen kaznovanja skozi čas postopoma razvijal – od krutih javnih usmrtitev do prevzgojnih zapornih kazni. V tem času sta se razvili tudi dve temeljni teoriji kaznovanja – absolutna ter relativna. Slednjo uporabljajo Slovenija, Hrvaška ter Švedska; to so države, v katere sem se usmerila, raziskala njihova zaporniška pravila ter ugotovila, da ni opaziti vidnejših razlik v njihovem izvajanju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: zgodovina kaznovanja, kaznovalne teorije, Slovenija, Hrvaška, Švedska, rehabilitacija, zaporniška pravila
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FU - Faculty of Administration
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-105221
• Publication date in RUL: 12.11.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: MODELS OF PUNITIVE POLICY IN SLOVENIA AND SELECTED COUNTRIES

Abstract

Knowledge, which, in addition to the enforcement of criminal sanctions, also examines the purposes of punishment and penal policy, we call penology. Somewhere till after the World War II the purpose of punishment was intimidation. The sentences were publicly conducted, torture was present. In the period after the Second World War, a new idea began to be developed on the punishment of prisoners, according to which most of the prisons are now operating. Throughout history, two basic penalizing theories have been developed, which are opposite. The first alleges that the purpose of punishment is intimidation, retaliation and strict forms of punishment, while the other is the other way around, that the purpose of punishment is the rehabilitation of the prisoner. In the diploma thesis I will review three countries: Slovenia, Croatia, and Sweden. I will describe their punitive policy and then compare them with each other based on the record of the prison rules that apply in each selected country. The aim of the diploma work is to investigate the development of criminal sanctions from Precambrian period to date, to describe the key theory that developed in parallel and present the criminal policy of selected countries and then compare them with each other according to the prison rules that apply there. The findings of the diploma work are, that the purpose of penalizing through time has gradually evolved from cruel public killings, to the reeducation prison sentences. During this time, two basic punishment theories were developed, both absolute and relative. The latter are used by Slovenia, Croatia and Sweden, the countries in which I have been directed, studying their prison rules and finding that there are no significant differences in their implementation.

• Keywords: history of punishment, penal theory, Slovenia, Croatia, Sweden, rehabilitation, prison rules