Vzroki neodločitve za cepljenje proti humanemu papilomavirusu in neudeležbo na ginekološkem pregledu ob povabilu na odvzem brisa materničnega vratu : diplomsko delo

Gričar, Sabina (author), Mihelič Zajec, Andreja (mentor)

Uvod: Zadnja leta so v porastu spolno prenosljive okužbe, predvsem okužba s humanim papilomavirusom. Število okužb s tem virusom strmo narašča, posledica okužbe pa je lahko tudi nastanek raka materničnega vratu. Da bi to preprečili, moramo poskrbeti za varno spolnost, zaščitimo pa se lahko tudi s cepljenjem. Kljub okužbi lahko nastanek predrakavih lezij materničnega vratu pravočasno odkrijemo in preprečimo z rednimi ginekološkimi pregledi in izvedbo Papanicolaouovega testa. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati vzroke za neudeležbo na ginekološkem pregledu žensk ob povabilu na odvzem brisa materničnega vratu ter neodločitve za cepljenje proti humanemu papilomavirusu. Metode dela: Raziskava je temeljila na anonimnem anketnem vprašalniku, ki ga je izpolnilo 115 študentk iz zdravstvene (skupina A) in nezdravstvene (skupina B) fakultete v Ljubljani. Za statistično analizo in prikaz rezultatov sta bila uporabljena programa Microsoft Excel (verzija 2016) in SPSS (verzija 22.0.0.0). Izračunane so bile osnovne statistične vrednosti: mediana (M), povprečje (x̄), standardna deviacija (SD), hi-kvadrat (χ2) in p-vrednost. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da sta obe skupini seznanjeni s tem, kaj je humani papilomavirus, več kot polovica jih je seznanjena s tem, kdo se lahko okuži in kaj okužba povzroča. Razlika v znanju med skupinama A in B se je pokazala pri vprašanjih o obstoju cepiva (p = 0,010), kdaj lahko cepimo otroka (p = 0,040) in kaj je Papanicolaouov test (p = 0,018), kjer so pričakovano bolje odgovarjale študentke skupine A. V skupini A se študentke popolnoma strinjajo s trditvijo, da se redno udeležujejo ginekoloških pregledov in izvedbe Papanicolaouovega testa (M = 1), medtem ko se v skupini B s tem strinjajo v večini (M = 2). Skupini A in B se v večini strinjata s trditvijo, da cepivo pomaga pri preprečevanju nastanka raka materničnega vratu (M = 2). Študentke skupin A in B se pretežno ne strinjajo, da je cepljenje nevarno in da lahko ogrozi zdravje in razvoj otroka (M = 3). Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da smo pri študentkah, ki so bile vključene v raziskavo, ugotovili zmanjšan nivo znanja na področju humanega papilomavirusa, cepljenja in pomena rednih ginekoloških pregledov z izvedbo Papanicolaouovega testa. Najbolj šibke so pri poznavanju cepljenja, možnosti okužbe s humanim papilomavirusom in kaj lahko ta povzroča. Najpomembnejši predlog k izboljšavi je vključevanje osveščenih in izobraženih medicinskih sester na vseh področjih zdravstvene nege.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: humani papilomavirus, Papanicolaouov test, cepivo proti HPV in preventiva, ginekološki obisk, rak materničnega vratu
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-105071
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5519467
• Publication date in RUL: 24.10.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Reasons for nonparticipation for vaccination against Human papillomavirus and not attending for Papanicolaou smear even at the invitation of the gynecological check-ups : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years there has been an increase in sexually transmitted infections, mainly Human Papillomavirus infection. The number of infections with this virus is rising steeply and the incidence of cervical cancer can also be the result of infection. In order to prevent this we must ensure safe sex and we can also protect ourselves with vaccination. Despite the infection we can detect and prevent the formation of precancerous lesions of the cervix in time with regular gynecological examinations and the Papanicolau test. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to investigate the reasons for not participating in a gynecological examination of a woman when she was invited to take a cervical smear and a decision to take human papillomavirus vaccines. Methods of work: The research was based on an anonymous questionnaire which was completed by 115 students of the nursing and non-nursing faculty in Ljubljana. Microsoft Excel was used for statistical analysis and display of results (version 2016) and SPSS (version 22.0.0.0.) Basic statistical values were calculated as in: median (M), average (x̄), standard deviation (SD) hi-square (χ2) and pvalue. Results: The results of the study show that students of both groups are familiar with what is a human papillomavirus, more than half of them are familiar with who can get infected and what the infection causes. The difference in knowledge between groups A and B has been shown in the question of the existence of the vaccine (p = 0,010), when the child can be vaccinated (p = 0,040) and what is Papanicolau's test (p = 0,018), where group A responded better. Group A agree with the assertion that they regularly attend gynecological examinations and the Papanicolau test (M =1), while the students of the group B agree with most of them (M = 2). Most of the students from groups A and B agree with the claims that the vaccine helps prevent the development of cervical cancer (M = 2). Both groups generally disagree with the claim that vaccination is dangerous and can endanger the development and health of the child. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the study show that students who were included in the study have reduced level of knowledge in the field of human papillomavirus, vaccination and the importance of regular gynecological examinations with the Papanicola test. They are the weakest in knowledge of vaccination, the possibility of infection with human papillomavirus and what can cause it. The most important proposal for improvement is the inclusion of informed and educated nurses in all areas of nursing care.

• Keywords: Human papillomavirus, PAP screening, HPV vaccine and prevention, gynecological visit, cervical cancer