Surrealism as a movement within the historical avant-gardes has developed in France in the first half of the 20th century. Its central figure was André Breton, around whom almost all important surrealist activity was revolving. In 1924, he wrote the Manifesto of Surrealism, in which he defined surrealism in an ideological as well as literary way. Later, with other Surrealists, he also began to actively attend the socio-political developments in France of that time. Surrealists have used some of the Marxist ideas and have joined the French Communist Party in the initiative to change the state of society. André Breton issued the Second Manifesto of Surrealism and later in Mexico in collaboration with Leon Trotsky also the "third manifesto", Manifesto for an Independent Revolutionary Art. The last manifesto represents the culmination of the revolutionary (surrealist) ideology, which André Breton actively cultivated.
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