Zloraba nedovoljenih drog v nosečnosti : diplomsko delo

Krajzler, Gloria (avtor), Mivšek, Ana Polona (mentor), Petročnik, Petra (komentor)

Uvod: Droge zaradi svoje posebne kemične sestave povzročijo spremembo v delovanju duševnosti in telesa. Morda je največji razlog za zlorabo prav ta, da so določene droge socialno sprejemljive in lahko dosegljive. V kolikor oseba postane od drog zasvojena, pomeni, da se je telesni odvisnosti pridružila tudi psihična. Telo se začne prilagajati na drogo, zaradi česar se pojavi toleranca. Nosečnice, ki so odvisne od nedovoljenih drog, sodijo v visoko rizično skupino nosečnic, zato je zelo pomembno, da so skrbno vodene že v času nosečnosti in kasneje poroda ter poporodnega obdobja. Namen: Z diplomskim delom smo želeli ugotoviti, kakšen vpliv imajo droge na nosečnico in plod, ter kakšna je obravnava odvisnih nosečnic. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Delo je nastalo na podlagi zbiranja literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku in kritičnega branja le-te. Uporabljene so bile podatkovne baze kot so: Cobiss, Cinahl, PubMed, Medline ter Science Direct, v časovnem obdobju od leta 2008 do leta 2018. Uporabljene so bile ključne besede: odvisnost v nosečnosti, zloraba drog, nedovoljene droge, zdravljenje odvisnosti ter v angleškem jeziku: addiction in pregnancy, substance misuse, drug abuse during pregnancy, drug treatment, substance abuse, illegal drugs. Rezultati: Znanstveniki so si že od nekdaj enotni glede posledic zlorabe drog v nosečnosti: da lahko povzročijo splav, prezgodnjo ločitev pravilno ležeče posteljice, prezgodnji porod, nizko porodno težo ter prirojene nepravilnosti. Pri odvisnih nosečnicah je pomemben odnos brez obsojanja z veliko mero podpore prav tako pa morajo zdravstveni delavci nosečnici nuditi vse potrebne informacije v povezavi s postopki, ki jih bo tekom nosečnosti deležna. Pri obravnavi sodelujejo ginekolog, babica, psihiater, socialni delavec, psiholog, terapevt ter center za socialno delo. Odnos zdravstvenih delavcev je ključnega pomena pri tem, kako se bo nosečnica odzvala na obravnavo. Razprava in zaključek: Nedovoljene droge imajo na nosečnost in plod zelo hude posledice, ki se lahko končajo s smrtnim izidom ploda. Pomembno je zgodnje odkrivanje s strani zdravstvenega osebja. Vloga babice je predvsem psihološka podpora, informiranje, zdravstveno-vzgojno delo in promocija zdravstvene oskrbe za zmanjšanje posledic zlorabe drog. Preprečevanje in zdravljenje odvisnosti v nosečnosti zahteva sodelovanje zdravstvenih delavcev z različnih področij.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: odvisnost v nosečnosti, zloraba drog, nedovoljene droge, zdravljenje odvisnosti
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-104075
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5507691
• Datum objave v RUL: 04.10.2018

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Illegal drug abuse during pregnancy : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Drugs can cause change in mental and body activity because of their special chemical structure. The main reason for drug abuse may be easy accessibility and social acceptability. If a person becomes addicted to drugs it means the presence of physical and mental addiction. The tolerance occurs when drug is used repeatedly over time, so the body starts to adapt. Pregnant drug users are regarded as high risk group of pregnant women, therefore is very importatant that they are carefully treated during pregnancy and postpartum period. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to present the influence of drugs on pregnancy and fetus and to present the support treatment of pregnant women addicted to drugs. Methods: In the diploma work we used the descriptive method of work. It was based on collecting scientific and technical literature and its critical reading. We used domestic and foreign research databases, named: Cobiss, Cinahl, PubMed, Medline and ScienceDirect, with time limitation between years 2008 and 2018. We used the following keywords: addiction in pregnancy, substance misuse, drug abuse during pregnancy, drug treatment, substance abuse, illegal drugs. Results: There is a general consensus among scientists that drug abuse during pregnancy can cause placental abruption, miscarriage, preterm birth, low birth weight and congenital malformation. Drug dependent pregnant women need to be treated with support, without condemnation and ensuring all necessary information about procedures during pregnancy. Collaboration between gynecologist, midwife, psychiatrist, social worker, psychologist, therapist and social work centre is very important and so is their attitude. Discussion and conclusion: Pregnant women who use illicit drugs are at risk for their baby to sustain serious injuries that can lead to death. Early detection is very important. Interdisciplinary approach must be used in prevention and detoxication treatment. The role of midwife is mostly mental support, informing, advising, health-educational work and promoting health to reduce cosequences of drug abuse.

• Ključne besede: addiction in pregnancy, substance misuse, drug abuse during pregnancy, drug treatment, substance abuse, illegal drugs