The master's thesis focuses on the novel Solaris (1961) by Polish writer Stanisław Lem (1921-2006), which is regarded as his best work as well as one of the classics of science fiction. Although in Solaris Lem deals with the most common science fiction motive, the contact between humans and aliens, his novel is not a typical science fiction book, since in fact it deals with three "non-fiction" topics: the question of conflict between human and his own psyche (the anthropological question), the question of the boundaries of scientific knowledge (the epistemological question) and the question of God (the theological question). The master's thesis focuses on a detailed interpretation of the questions listed above, by which it attempts to show the main characteristics and results of Lem's "anthropological", "epistemological" and "theological experiment" and to place Solaris in a broader context by comparing the novel with excerpts from works by authors such as Lev Shestov, Karl Jaspers, Albert Camus, Albert Einstein, Carl Sagan, Richard Dawkins and others.
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