Odstavljanje in uvajanje mešane prehrane pri dojenčkih : diplomsko delo

Kuduzović, Arijana (author), Stanek Zidarič, Tita (mentor)

Uvod: Pravilna prehrana in zdrave prehranjevalne navade v času načrtovanja družine so pomembne za zdravje bodoče matere in novorojenčka. Slovenske smernice zdravega prehranjevanja za dojenčke vzpodbujajo, da otroka v obdobju uvajanja mešane prehrane že zelo zgodaj privajamo na različne okuse in pestro prehrano. Namen: V prvem delu diplomskega dela je namen predstaviti zgodovino uvajanja mešane hrane pri dojenčkih, motorični razvoj dojenčka od četrtega do osmega meseca starosti ter razvoj zobovja. V empiričnem delu želimo s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika ugotoviti seznanjenost mater z znaki pripravljenosti otroka na uvajanje mešane hrane ter današnje navade glede časa in načina uvajanja mešane hrane. Metode dela: Za iskanje literature so bili uporabljeni naslednji iskalniki in podatkovne baze: Cobiss, Medline, Cinhal, DiKUL in Google Učenjak v slovenskem, hrvaškem in angleškem jeziku. Uporabljena je bila strokovna in znanstvena literatura, ki ni starejša od 20 let. Narejen je bil pregled uporabljene literature in izvedena anonimna spletna anketa. Anketni vprašalnik je bil ustvarjen s spletnim orodjem EnKlikAnketa – 1 KA in ima 13 vprašanj. Rezultati: Več kot polovica anketirancev je z uvajanjem mešane prehrane pri dojenčkih začela med njihovim dopolnjenim četrtim in šestim mesecem starosti. 62 (38 %) anketirancev je začelo uvajati mešano prehrano pri šestih mesecih otrokove starosti, 53 (33 %) pa že pri štirih mesecih, 20 (12 %) jih je z uvajanjem začelo po šestem mesecu otrokove starosti, 5 (3 %) anketirancev pa pred četrtim mesecem starosti. Od 161 anketiranih jih je 121 (75 %) poznalo znake pripravljenosti otroka za uvajanje mešane prehrane, 40 (25 %) pa ne. Razprava in zaključek: Uspešna nadaljnja rast otroka je odvisna od njegove uravnotežene prehrane. Ko je otrok odstavljen od prsi, za idealen razvoj potrebuje živila tako živalskega kot rastlinskega izvora. Pri hranjenju dojenčka sta potrebni potrpežljivost in vztrajnost, da bo sprejemal nove okuse.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: dojenček, uvajanje hrane, prehrana dojenčka, dopolnilna prehrana, družinska prehrana
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-104019
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5503851
• Publication date in RUL: 30.09.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Weaning and introduction of solid food to infants : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: A healthy diet and healthy eating habits at the time of family planning are crucial for the health of the future mother and infant. Slovenian guidelines for healthy infant nutrition encourage that the infant adapts to different tastes and a varied diet fairly early in the period of introduction of complementary foods. Purpose: The purpose of the first part of the diploma work is to present the history of introduction of complementary foods to infants, the motor development of infants in the age from four to eight months, and teething. With the survey questionnaire in the empirical part of the diploma we want to find out how familiar mothers are with the developmental signs of infants for introduction of complementary foods and what are the current habits regarding the time and ways of introducing complementary foods. Methods: Literature search was performed in the following search engines and databases: Cobiss, Medline, Cinhal, DiKUL and Google Scholar in Slovene, Croatian and English language. Professional and scientific literature less than 20 years old was used. An overview of the literature used and an anonymous online survey was made. The questionnaire was created using the EnKlikAnketa – 1 KA web tool and has 13 questions. Results: More than a half of the respondents introduced complementary foods to infants between the ages of 4 to 6 months. 62 (38%) respondents started introducing complementary foods at the infant's age of 6 months, 53 (33%) started introducing them as early as at the age of 4 months, 20 (12%) introduced them after the infant was 6 months old and 5 (3%) respondents started before the infant was 4 months old. Of the 161 respondents, 121 (75%) recognised the developmental signs of infants for introduction of complementary foods and 40 (25%) did not. Discussion and conclusion: Successful further growth of infants depends on their balanced diet. When infants wean the breast, they need foods of animal as well as plant origins for ideal development. Feeding infants requires great tolerance and persistence in order for them to accept new tastes.

• Keywords: infants, food introduction, infant foods, complementary foods, family diet