Introduction: Scoliosis is a term comprising a heterogeneous group of conditions consisting of changes in the shape and position of the spine, thorax and trunk. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a tri-dimensional deformity of the spine and is the most common form of scoliosis. The diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is one of exclusion, and is made when other causes (such as vertebral malformations, neuromuscular disorders and other syndromes) have already been excluded. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis was to research the effects of the Schroth method of physiotherapeutic treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, based on a literature review. Methods: The thesis is based on a literature review of existing research on treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with the Schroth method. The literature search was conducted using bibliographic databases (PubMed, DiKUL, ScienceDirect) and the electronic catalogue of the library of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana. The search was restricted to English and Slovene articles and books; the studies used in the thesis were not older than 10 years. They were evaluated according to the PEDro scale with an average score of 7.25. Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 researches were included and reviewed. Discusion and conclusion: High-quality evidence supporting the use of physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is rapidly emerging. Among all physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises, the Schroth method is one of the most studied and used. While the consequences of progression of the largest curve by >5° or of the sum of curves by >10° over 6 months are not documented, the goal of every therapy is to stop progression into the range where a change in care would be warranted.
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