Prva pomoč pri ugrizu kače : poročilo o raziskavi

Jerman, Alja (author), Slabe, Damjan (mentor), Brvar, Miran (comentor)

Uvod: V Sloveniji v naravnem okolju živijo tri vrste strupenih kač, to so modras (Vipera ammodytes), laški gad (Vipera aspis) in navadni gad (Vipera berus). Ugriz kače lahko resno ogrozi zdravje človeka, če se ne ukrepa pravočasno. Bolnišnična oskrba je zelo napredovala, zato zaradi ugriza kač ni smrtnosti. Planinstvo, športno plezanje in alpinizem so športno rekreativne aktivnosti, ki se odvijajo v naravi in pri katerih zlasti v toplejšem obdobju leta obstaja večje tveganje za ugriz kače. Če do tega pride, so ključnega pomena ukrepi prve pomoči, ustrezen transport zastrupljenca kot tudi nadaljnja zdravstvena oskrba. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je opisati prvo pomoč po ugrizu kače, predstaviti nadaljnjo oskrbo zastrupljenca v ambulanti internistične prve pomoči in zdravljenje na oddelku za klinično toksikologijo in farmakologijo ter ugotoviti raven teoretičnega znanja o ukrepih prve pomoči v primeru ugriza kače med ljubitelji gora. Metoda dela: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda, ki je zajela pregled relevantne domače in tuje literature. Za raziskavo smo oblikovali spletni anketni vprašalnik, ki je vseboval 12 vprašanj zaprtega tipa. Anketiranje je bilo izvedeno anonimno. Rezultati: Na anketo je odgovorilo 176 vprašanih, 55 % moških in 45 % žensk. Največ odgovorov (29,5 %) smo pridobili v starostni skupini od 26 do 35 let. Končano višjo šolo, visoko šolo ali fakulteto je imelo 44,9 % anketiranih. Pri prepoznavi kač jih je 74,4 % prepoznalo modrasa. Večina anketiranih ve, katere so strupene kače v Sloveniji, saj je modrasa označilo 96,6 % anketiranih, laškega gada 91 % in navadnega gada 94,3 % anketiranih. Največ znanja o dajanju prve pomoči so anketirani pridobili iz različne literature (knjige) in spleta (36,3 %). Da je modras najbolj strupena kača, se je strinjalo 96,6 % anketiranih. Ugriz gada je pogostejši v slovenskih gorah, so pritrdili v 59 %. Da mora poškodovanec po ugrizu kače mirovati, je odgovorilo 91,5 % anketiranih. Da je potrebno z uda, na katerem je prišlo do ugriza, odstraniti uro, zapestnico ali prstan, je navedlo 94 % anketiranih. Z zdravnikom bi se posvetovalo po ugrizu 97,7 % anketiranih. Da se rano po ugrizu sterilno obveže, je navedlo 85,9 % anketiranih in 77,8 % anketirancev bi ud imobiliziralo. Razprava in sklep: Znanje med anketiranimi o strupenih kačah v Sloveniji je dobro. Smrtnih primerov po ugrizu modrasa ali gada ni, saj je napredovalo tudi zdravljenje takšnih poškodovancev. Teoretično znanje gornikov o začetnih postopkih nudenja prve pomoči je pomanjkljivo, medtem ko je znanje o ostalih ukrepih, ki sledijo prvim ukrepom, boljše.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prva pomoč, ugriz kače, bolnišnična obravnava
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-104008
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5504363
• Publication date in RUL: 30.09.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: First aid after snake bite : research report

Abstract

Introduction: There are three kinds of venoumous snakes in Slovenia, namely a horned viper (Vipera ammodytes), an asp viper (Vipera aspis) and a common European adder (Vipera berus). A snakebite can seriously endanger one’s health, if the person does not get medical care in time. Hospital care has made a lot of progress, so there is no mortality due to snakebites. Sport climbing, alpinism and mountaineering are sports and recreational activities, which take place in nature and there is greater risk of snakebites especially in warm period of the year. If this happens, first aid measures, appropriate transport of the poisoned person, as well as further medical care, are crucial. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma paper is to describe first aid measures after a snakebite, to present further care of the poisoned person in a division of internal medicine and treatment in Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology Department and to determine the level of theoretical knowledge of the first aid measures in case of a snakebite among the mountain lovers. Method: We used the descriptive method, which included an overview of relevant home and foreign literature. We designed a survey questionnaire that covered 12 questions of open and closed types. The survey was anonymous. Results: 176 respondents participated in the survey, 55 % of men and 45 % of women. The majority of respondents (29,5 %) were from 26 to 35 years old. 44,9 % of respondents have completed college or faculty. When recognising snakes, 74,4 % of individuals recognised a horned viper. The majority knows which are venomous snakes in Slovenia, namely 96,6 % of respondents marked a horned viper (Vipera ammodytes), 91 % marked an asp viper (Vipera aspis) and 94,3 % marked a common European viper (Vipera berus). The biggest source of giving first aid appeared to be various literature (books) and internet (36,3 %). 96,6 % of respondents agreed that a horned viper is the most venomous snake. 59 % of respondents think that a common European viper bite is the most frequent in Slovenian mountains and 91,5 % of respondents answered that the injured person must keep still after a snakebite. 94 % of respondents know that it is necessary to remove a watch, a bracelet or a ring from the bitten arm or hand. 97,7 % of individuals would consult a doctor after snake bite, 85,9 % would put on a sterile bandage and 77,8 % of respondents would immobilise the injured limb. Discussion and conclusion: Knowledge about venomous snakes in Slovenia among the respondents is quite good. There have been no deaths due to horned viper or common European viper bite lately, as the treatment of such cases has progressed. The theoretical knowledge of mountaineers about initial first aid procedures is inadequate, while knowledge of other measures, following the first measures, is better.

• Keywords: first aid, snake bite, hospital care