Plitva geotermalna energija

Köveš, Nika (avtor), Vukelić, Željko (mentor)

Moderni svet nam narekuje rabo energije, ki je čista in neizčrpna. Ena izmed možnosti je uporaba sistemov plitve geotermalne energije. Ta je v obliki toplote shranjena pod zemeljskim površjem do globine 300 ali 400 metrov. Izkoriščamo jo s pomočjo geotermalnih toplotnih črpalk. Ta odvzame toploto iz podzemne vode v primeru voda-voda, ali pa odvzame toploto iz zemlje v primeru zemlja-voda ter jo prenese do objekta, kjer ogreva prostore. Za odvzem toplote so potrebni odprti ali zaprti sistemi. V primeru črpanja podzemne vode se uporablja vodnjak, ki deluje kot odprti sistem, pri tem sta osrednji del dve vrtini. Ena se uporablja za črpanje vode, druga pa za vračanje izkoriščene vode nazaj v vir. V primeru odvzemanja toplote iz kamnin pa se vgrajujejo zemeljski kolektorji (geosonde, horizontalni zemeljski kolektorji). Pri odločanju za način zajemanja je potrebno upoštevati stanje v naravi (ali so v bližini objekta vodnjaki, vodonosniki, jezera, potoki), ali je na voljo dovolj prostora za izkop, kakšen je dostop za vrtanje vrtine, ali je zemljina ugodna za izkop ipd. Potek prenosa toplote se dogaja v toplotni črpalki prek njenih sestavnih delov. Hladivo, ki je odvzelo toploto potuje skozi uparjalnik, kompresor in kondenzator, kjer se mu spreminjajo agregatna stanja in temperatura, konča pa v ekspanzijskem ventilu, kjer se tako zelo ohladi, da lahko spet začne odvzemati toploto. Proces se ponovi. Pridobljena toplota se uporablja za ogrevanje, hlajenje, prezračevanje in klimatizacijo prostorov, tudi v proizvodnih procesih. Nazadnje sta opisani izvedbi vrtin za izkoriščanje podzemne vode oz. toplote zemlje. V prvem primeru so podane lastnosti zajetij, potek vgradnje vodnjaka, cevitev ter uporabljena oprema. Drugi primer sloni na izvedbi vrtine za geosondo. Projekta podajata realne parametre in izračune.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: plitva geotermalna energija, geotermalna toplotna črpalka, vodnjak, geosonda, vrtina
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: NTF - Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-103908
• COBISS.SI-ID: 1766239
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.09.2018

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Shallow geothermal energy

Izvleček

The modern world dictates the use of clean and inexhaustible energy. One of many options is the use of shallow geothermal energy. This energy is stored in the form of warmth under the Earth's surface to 300 or 400 meters of depth. We exploit it with the help of geothermal heat pumps. Those strip the warmth out of the underground water in the case of water-water, or it strips the warmth in the case of earth-water and exploits it to the object where it warms the places. For the deprivation of water open-loop and closed-loop systems are needed. In the case of underground water pumping a well is used that works like an open system, in which the main parts are two holes. One is used to pump water and other for returning of the used water back into the source. In case of dispossession of the heat out of the rocks earth panels are built-in borehole collectors or horizontal collectors. By the deciding for the manner of gathering it is important to consider the situation in the nature (are there any wells, aquifers, lakes or streams), is there enough space to do an excavation, is there access for excavating a hole, is the earth moderate enough for the excavation and so on. The course of the transition of the heat is happening in the heat pump through its component parts. The refrigerant, that took the heat, travels through the evaporator, compressor and condenser, where its state of matter is changed, it ends in an expansion valve, where it cools down so it can begin to start stripping the heat again. The process repeats itself. The produced energy is used for heating, cooling, ventilation and air-conditioning of rooms, also in production processes. In the final part there is a description of the performance of holes used for the use of underground water or the heat of earth. In the first example there are given the characteristics of reservoirs, the process of installing a well, installation of pipes and the tools used during the process. The second example is based on the performance of the hole for borehole collector. Those projects provide realistic parameters and calculations.

• Ključne besede: shallow geothermal energy, geothermal heat pump, well, borehole collector, hole