Prototip dvoosnega sončnega sledilnika za majhen fotonapetostni modul

BABNIK, ANDRAŽ (author), Krč, Janez (mentor)

V diplomski nalogi opišemo izdelavo majhnega dvoosnega sončnega sledilnika. Namen sledilnika je, da obrača majhen fotonapetostni modul proti soncu. Pri fiksno postavljenem modulu imamo v primeru sončnega vremena zjutraj in popoldan relativno veliko izgub, saj sončni žarki ne padajo pravokotno na površino modula, zato proizvedemo manj električne energije. V prvem delu diplomske naloge najprej opišemo vire energije in se podrobneje posvetimo fotovoltaiki, ki s pomočjo sončnih celic sončno sevanje spremeni v električno energijo. V sklopu fotovoltaike pregledamo najosnovnejše izvedbe sončnih celic in izdelavo PV modulov. Nato se posvetimo osnovnim izvedbam sončnih sledilnikov in njihovim tehnikam sledenja. Izdelamo mehansko konstrukcijo našega sledilnika in izberemo ustrezen PV modul. S pomočjo Arduina napišemo program, s katerim lahko podatke iz GPS modula pretvorimo v naklonski in azimutni kot. V nadaljevanju ta dva kota uporabimo za premik PV modula s pomočjo dveh servo motorjev. Na koncu izvedemo testiranje za ugotavljanje natančnosti sledilnika in podamo še mnenje o možnih izboljšavah.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Fotovoltaika, PV modul, sončni sledilnik, Arduino
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-103858
• Publication date in RUL: 27.09.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: A prototype of dual-axis solar tracker for small photovoltaic modul

Abstract

In this thesis we describe a development of a simple two-axis sun tracker. Sun tracker intention is that it rotates a small photovoltaics module. At fixed PV module we have on sunny day in the morning and also in the afternoon relatively high losses. The main reason for that problem is that sun rays do not fall perpendicularly on the surface of PV module and therefore efficiency is lower. In the first part of thesis we describe energy sources and focus to photovoltaics which transforms solar radiation to electric energy by solar cells. As part of the photovoltaics we examine basic versions of solar cells and also how PV modules are done. We also focus on basic types of solar trackers and their principles of tracking. We also manufacture mechanical design of our two-axis solar tracker and choose PV module. With the use of Arduino we write a program, with whom the data from GPS module can be converted to angle of inclination and azimuth angles. These two angles are used for moving PV module with two servo motors. Then we conduct a test to find out precision of the tracker and on the end we propose possible improvements on this system.

• Keywords: Photovoltaics, PV module, solar tracker, Arduino