In Slovenia, gymnastics was important from physical, cultural, and national perspective. Active lifestyle was intertwined with political-ideological views of people, and this had an impact on the development of the Slovenian nation. From its beginnings in Slovenia in 1863 till the 1960s, gymnastics together with physical culture was changing its content, organisation and purpose. Due to lack of literature after the Second World War, the aim was to describe that period in the history of gymnastics. The selected time period was from 1945 till the end of the 1960s. This thesis describes the era of the Sokol movement by focusing mainly on the post-war physical culture, the Partizan sports club as the successor of the Sokol movement, and concluding with the establishment of the Slovenian Gymnastics Federation. The thesis focuses on the development of mass gymnastics after the war, its content, ideological unity of gymnastics and sport, and on the phenomenon of recreation as a global trend. It also presents the development of major gymnastics organisations and competition systems together with collected achievements of Slovenian gymnasts in major competitions. Furthermore, the development of school physical education and the directly proportional influence of the curricula on the programmes in sports clubs was inspected. In the absence of primary sources, secondary literature, scientific publications, and newspapers were reviewed.
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