In order to understand the significance of the South Caucasus and how it reflects in the geopolitical thought of the Russian Federation, the thesis first works out the concept of geopolitics, which was based on the power of politics and its influence at the beginning of the 19th century. We have eventually come to the fact that the term includes a wide spectrum of geopolitical factors and reflects the national and international interests of each country. Geostrategically, South Caucasus is an important region, mostly because of its energy resources and its strategic position, which is shown through historical events in the territory of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia and direct vicinity. The so-called Near abroad – an important concept in the geopolitics of Russian Federation has a great significance for that country; this is evident when analysing the foreign policy decisions of the top of state and the national security strategy, especially during the presidency of Vladimir Putin. In the background of Putin's presidency, the ideology of Eurasianism is revealed, striving to unite the territory of the former Soviet Union. The significance of the South Caucasus in the contemporary geopolitical thought of the Russian Federation is thus marked by the struggle for influence or dominance over this area, between the Russian Federation and many other counties of the international community.
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