Until recently breeding selection was based on measurements and assesments acquired from the fenotypes of animals and their relatives. However based on the fenotypes of animals and their relatives genetics it has become easier to select for desirable traits. Genomic selection is a relatively new method, based on single nucleotide polymorphism. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a variation of a single nucleotide at specific position in genome and has been discovered with help of genome sequencing. With development of new methods genome sequencing became more affordable and larger data sets were being analysed. Countries where livestock production is an important part of the economy, have successfully implemnted genomic selection into their breeding programs. This in turn influenced horse breeding organizations to start using genomic selection as well. The biggest advantage of using modern technology is in shortening of generation interval and consequently more intensive selection, even for traits with low heritability. Due to small horse population creating a large reference population can be difficult. Therefore breeding organizations started implementing the method of using genomic informations where the use of large reference population (of related animals) was not needed. This enabled breeders to avoid breeding relatives, which is problematic in horses because of small populations and to test for monogenetic traits, especially genetic mutations. The purpose of B. Sc. Thesis is to present different possibilities of the use of genomic informations in horse breeding selection.
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