Pregled protetičnih stopal ter primerjava le teh z analizo hoje : diplomsko delo

Rajh, Tamara (author), Divjak, Mojca (mentor)

Uvod: Proteze se uporabljajo kot nadomestilo amputiranega uda. Funkcija proteze je lahko zgolj estetski pomen, v večini pa je namenjena, da se posamezniku vrnejo funkcionalna mobilnost in sposobnost opravljati vsakodnevne naloge. Značilnost proteze neposredno vplivajo na vzorec hoje, zato je potrebno posvetiti veliko pozornosti izbiri primerne proteze za vsakega posameznika. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je pregled strokovne literature na področju protetičnih stopal. V prvem delu bomo opisali posamezne kategorije, v katere jih uvrščamo, nato pa predstavili njihov vpliv na hojo. Metode dela: Za pisanje diplomskega dela smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo. Iskanje strokovnih člankov je potekalo po podatkovnih bazah Google Scholar, Science Direct in PubMed v mesecu oktober 2017 in v mesecu junij 2018. Članke smo iskali v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku. Izbrali smo članke objavljene v obdobju 2004 do 2018. Vključitveni kriterij pri iskanju: TT enostranska amputacija, obstoječa proteza, primerjava med protetičnimi stopali. Rezultati: Na področju merjenja dolžine koraka, kadence in hitrosti hoje v literaturi med različnimi protetičnimi stopali ni bilo statistično pomembnih razlik. Med povprečnimi vrednostmi SEW se je pokazalo nekaj razlik med posameznimi stopali. Stopalo Talux in Proprio sta v splošnem dosegala višje vrednosti v primerjavi s SACH in SAFE stopali. Primerjave med SACH in SAFE niso pokazale statistično pomembnih razlik, prav tako ne Talux in Proprio med seboj. Razprava in zaključek: Metode analize hoje se običajno ocenjujejo kot časovne, prostorske, kinetične in kinematične spremenljivke med ciklom hoje. Raziskave, ki so primerjale učinkovitost protetičnih stopal glede na dolžino koraka, niso uspele dokazati funkcionalnih razlik. Pri merjenju SEW vrednosti se je pokazalo, da stopala Talux in Proprio rahlo izstopata v primerjavi s SACH in SAFE vendar so razlike med njimi še vedno majhne. Menimo, da lahko razlike v rezultatih v veliki meri pripišemo k različnim spremenljivkam kot so ležišče, razlike v funkcionalnih nivojih med amputiranci in izbor ustreznega merilnega orodja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: protetično stopalo, hoja, dolžina koraka, simetrija, simetrija pri zunanjem delu, transtibialni amputiranec
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-103289
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5486187
• Publication date in RUL: 15.09.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comparison of different prosthetic feet and gait analysis : final work

Abstract

Introduction: Prostheses are used as a replacement for amputated limbs. The function of the prosthesis can be purely aesthetic, and in most cases, it is intended to return functional mobility to the individual and the ability to perform daily tasks. The feature of the prosthesis directly affects the pattern of walking, so a lot of attention needs to be paid to choosing the appropriate prosthesis for each individual. Purpose: The purpose of this undergraduate thesis is to review professional literature in the field of prosthetic feet. In the first part, we will describe the individual categories in which they are classified, and then present their impact on walking. Methods: The descriptive method was used to write this undergraduate thesis. The search for professional articles was carried out using Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed databases in October 2017 and in June 2018. We searched for articles in English and Slovene. We selected articles published in the period from 2004 to 2018. Inclusion criteria in search: TT unilateral amputation, existing prosthesis, comparison between prosthetic feet. Results: When measuring the step length, cadence and walking speed, there were no statistically significant differences in the literature between various prosthetic feet. Among the SEW average values, there were some differences between the individual feet. Talux and Proprio feet generally achieved higher values compared to SACH and SAFE feet. Comparisons between SACH and SAFE did not show statistically significant differences, nor did the comparisons between Talux and Proprio. Discussion and conclusion: Methods of walking analyses are usually evaluated as time, space, kinetic and kinematic variables during a walking cycle. Studies that compared the effectiveness of prosthetic feet with respect to step length have failed to demonstrate functional differences. When measuring the SEW value, Talux and Proprio feet were slightly standing out compared to SACH and SAFE, but the differences between them are still minor. We believe that differences in results can be largely attributed to different variables such as prosthetic socket, differences in functional levels between the amputees and the selection of the appropriate measuring tool.

• Keywords: prosthetic feet, foot, gait, step length, SEW, symmetry, transtibial amputee