Autoimmune diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases, that results from a dysfunction of the immune system, where an abnormal immune response is triggered to a normal body part. CAR T therapy is of the novel adoptive cell therapies, where the patient has his own T cells removed, proliferated and put back into the body. The cells can also be genetically engineered, which is the foundation of the CAR T therapy. New genetic material gets inserted into the isolated T cells, that enables them to express the chimeric antigen receptor on their surface. CAR is a fusion protein, a chimeric antigen receptor, that is designed according to target binding onto the receptor, which is dependent on the pathology of the disease. CAR is composed from extracellular domain, that binds to the antigen, extracellular spacer, transmembrane domain and intracellular signalling domain. So far, there are three treatment methods for autoimmune diseases with CAR T therapy. First method uses T cells with CARs targeted against autoreactive cells, while chimeric receptor in the second method targets autoreactive B cells. Regulatory T cells are used to fight against autoreactive cells T in the third method.
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