Recently, there has been an increase in the number of studies in association with intestinal microbiota and its effect on our body. Intestinal microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms. Most of the microorganisms are bacteria, including the representatives of most common family Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiaceae, Prevotellacaeae, Eubacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae. In our work we focused on the development of intestinal microbiota and the factors that influence this development. An overview of the most explored links between the intestinal microbiota and diseases was made. In particular, the relationship of the intestinal microbiota and the immune system, the effect of intestinal microbiota on the central nervous system, metabolism, cancer (colorectal cancer, gastric and esophageal), cardiovascular diseases, liver and kidney diseases were described. The causal and consequential relationship between intestinal microbiota and pathophysiological changes is important, but it is not yet well understood. In the future, research will be focused on finding new medical interventions by understanding the impact of intestinal microbiota on human health.
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