Razvijanje predbralnih in predpisalnih zmožnosti s pomočjo slikanice

Ocvirk, Ana (avtor), Skubic, Darija (mentor)

Pismenost je pomembna zmožnost v življenju vsakega posameznika, velik pomen pa ima tudi za družbo, njen razvoj in kvaliteto življenja. Skozi celoten šolski sistem morajo imeti učenci dobro razvito bralno pismenost, da lahko dosegajo vsaj minimalne standarde znanja. Zato je obdobje porajajoče se pismenosti, ki ga povezujemo s predšolsko vzgojo, ključno, da se vzpostavijo pogoji za razvoj pismenosti. Pomembno vlogo imajo odrasli – vzgojitelji, učitelji in starši, ki so prvi, ki otrokom dajejo zgled ter ga učijo brati in pisati, z njihovim odnosom do branja in knjig pa imajo velik vpliv na otroke. Tega se morajo zavedati, saj lahko le tako kar najbolje pripomorejo k optimalnemu razvoju pismenosti. V vrtcu imajo vzgojitelji nalogo, da otroke pripravijo na pismenost – npr. z razvijanjem predbralnih in predpisalnih zmožnosti, branjem knjig in obiskom knjižnic in knjigarn. Tu ne smemo pozabiti, da se otroci v predšolskem obdobju učijo predvsem preko izkušenj in igre, zato morajo biti tudi dejavnosti primerno sestavljene in posredovane otrokom. Teoretični del mojega diplomskega dela vsebuje značilnosti pismenosti in različne modele, ki razlagajo razvoj pismenosti. Vsi predstavljeni modeli poudarjajo pomen začetnih stopenj, ki segajo v predšolsko obdobje. To nam pove, da nikakor ne smemo zanemariti zgodnjih let in moramo že takrat začeti z opismenjevanjem. Opisala sem tudi različne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na razvoj branja in pisanja ter vlogo odraslih v procesu opismenjevanja. Predstavila sem različne strateške dokumente, ki se ukvarjajo s pismenostjo ter njenim pomenom. Ker ima pismenost neprecenljiv pomen, sem v raziskovalnem delu želela najti način, kako otroci z veseljem izvajajo naloge za razvoj predbralnih in predpisalnih zmožnosti in se k njim samoiniciativno vračajo. V ta namen sem uporabila slikanico Zverjasec avtorice J. Donaldson in 9 vaj, ki pripomorejo k razvoju predbralnih in predpisalnih zmožnosti ter jih tematsko povezala s to slikanico. Naloge so tako dobile še tematski cilj, ki je otrokom pomemben in zato nalogo izvajajo z večjo motivacijo. Opisala sem odzive otrok pri izvajanju vaj, njihova mnenja in izboljšave, ki sem jih opazila med izvedbo. Te dejavnosti so bile med otroki pozitivno sprejete, saj so pokazali veliko zanimanja in navdušenja, zato menim, da je to dober način, kako otrokom ponuditi vaje za začetno opismenjevanje. Zdi se mi pomembno, da razvoj pismenosti vključujemo v vrtčevski vsakdanjik tudi s pomočjo simbolne igre, različnih kotičkov za igro in z lastnih zgledom.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Pismenost
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-102313
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12081225
• Datum objave v RUL: 31.08.2018

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The development od pre-readin and pre-writing skills with the help of a picture book

Izvleček

Literacy is a very important ability in everyday life of all individuals. Its importance has a great impact on the society, development and quality of life. Students have to have well developed ability to read throughout educational system to reach minimal standards of knowledge. This is the reason why we have to start developing literacy in early years. Parents and teachers have an important role, as their attitude against literacy has an important effect on the children. They are the first, who teach children to read, and that is why they have to be conscious of their role so they can help children to develop literacy as much as they can. Teachers in preschool education have a task to prepare children for learning literacy later in school – with developing early writing and early reading skills, reading books and visiting bookstores and libraries. It is to be noted, that children learn the most through play and experiences. Theoretical part of my thesis includes characteristics of literacy and different models, which explain the development of literacy. All of the described models emphasize the importance of early stages, that start in preschool year. This is the reason why we have to start with teaching literacy early and not miss out on the beginning. I have also described factors, which have influence on the development on reading and writing and the role of adults in the process of literacy. There are presented different strategical documents, which study literacy and its importance. Because of the very important meaning of literacy, I wanted to find a way, how to prepare different activities, which children would gladly do and return to them on their own accord. I used picture book The Gruffalo (J. Donaldson) and 9 different activities, that help develop prereading and prewriting skills and gave them theme goals. Theme goals are important to children and that is why their motivation was quite high. In empirical part I described children's response when doing activities, their opinions and what could I do, to make activities better. Activities were well accepted among children and they showed lots of enthusiasm and interest, so I think that this is a good way to give children prereading and prewriting activiteis. I think it's important to include literacy in everyday activities, also with the help of symbolic game, different play corners and adults setting an example.

• Ključne besede: Literacy