Interakcija med otrokom in materjo : analiza posnemanja prozodičnih elementov govora pri dojenčku v prvem letu življenja

Škoflek, Martina (avtor), Ozbič, Martina (mentor)

Po vsem svetu obstajajo smernice in mejniki, ki naj bi jih otroci v govorno-jezikovnem razvoju dosegali pri določeni starosti, vendar se ti mejniki nanašajo predvsem na segmentalni nivo govora – na glasove, zloge, besede in daljše izjave. Pri govoru pa so pomembni tudi drugi elementi: ritem, tempo, melodija, pavze. Govorimo o suprasegmentalnih elementih govora. Razvoju suprasegmentalnih elementov govora se v tujini posveča več pozornosti kot pri nas, zato me je zanimalo, kako je z razvojem teh elementov v slovenskem jeziku pri zdravem, polno čutečem otroku. Cilj naloge je analizirati, kako se razvija sposobnost dojenčkovega imitiranja suprasegmentalnih elementov govora od rojstva pa do prvega leta življenja. Zanima me, kdaj dojenček sploh začne imitirati suprasegmentalne prvine, kateri so prvi elementi, ki jih otrok imitira, v kakšnem razvojnem zaporedju se pojavijo in kako se razvija njihova kompleksnost. Odločila sem se za kvalitativno analizo imitacije suprasegmentalnih elementov govora pri dojenčici. Deklico, ki je moja hči, sem snemala v interakciji z mano (mamo) vse od rojstva pa do njenega prvega leta starosti. Avdio in video posnetke sem kasneje pregledala in nekatere izmed njih podrobneje analizirala. Rezultati so pokazali, da je deklica suprasegmentalne elemente začela posnemati že v drugem mesecu življenja. Kot prvi element se je pojavila melodija govora, v naslednjih mesecih pa so sledili še glasnost govora, višina govora, ritem in tempo govora, nazadnje se je pojavilo še posnemanje pavz. Vsi omenjeni elementi so se pojavili do dekličinega petega meseca starosti in so se do njenega prvega leta samo še razvijali ter postajali vedno bolj kompleksni. Deklica je namreč z vsakim mesecem postajala kompetentnejša za posnemanje materinega govora in njegovih prozodičnih prvin. To delo je prva raziskava, ki proučuje posnemanje suprasegmentalnih prvin govora v otrokovem prvem letu življenja v slovenskem jeziku. Na dan 7. 3. 2018 namreč v različnih bazah podatkov (Cobiss, DiKUL, Sicris) nisem zasledila podobne raziskave oziroma pri iskanju s kombinacijami ključnih besed »posnemanje«, »prozodija«, »otrok«, »mati«, »interakcija« nisem našla nobenega dela, ki bi bilo povezano z logopedsko stroko.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: prozodija, posnemanje, komunikacija med otrokom in starši, k otroku usmerjen govor
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Založnik: [M. Škoflek]
• Leto izida: 2018
• Št. strani: 137 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-102078
• UDK: 81'233(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12052553
• Datum objave v RUL: 31.08.2018

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Mother-child interaction: imitation analysis of prosodic speech elements in baby's first year of life

Izvleček

All over the world there are guidelines and milestones that children are ought to reach in the speech-language development at a certain age, however, these milestones relate mostly to the segmental level of speech – voices, syllables, words and longer statements. There are other elements that play an important role in field of speech: rhythm, tempo, melody, pauses and longer statements. These are suprasegmental –prosodic elements of speech. The development of suprasegmental elements of speech is given far more attention abroad than in Slovenian literature, which is why the interest occurred how these elements are developed in Slovene language in a child without any developmental concer. The aim of this thesis is to analyze how the baby’s ability to imitate suprasegmental elements of speech develops from birth until the baby’s first year of life. The questions set for this research are: when does the baby start to imitate suprasegmental elements, which are the first elements that the child imitates, in what order do these elements occur, and how does their complexity develop. The decision has been made to qualitatively analyze the imitations of suprasegmental elements of speech with a baby girl. The baby girl (my daughter) has been filmed in interaction with her mother (me) since her day of birth to her first year of age. Audio and video footages have been viewed and analyzed later on. The results have shown that the girl started to imitate suprasegmental elements already in her second month. The first element that occurred was the melody of speech, followed by the volume of speech, the pitch of speech, rhythm and tempo of speech, and the imitation of pauses occurred as last. All listed elements have occurred by the girl’s fifth month and they have only developed and become more complex since her first year of age. The girl started to become more and more competent in imitating her mother’s speech and its prosodic elements. This work is the first research about imitations of suprasegmental elements of speech in Slovene language in the child’s first year. On the date of March 3rd 2018, there were no similar researches found in the database (Cobiss, DiKUL, Sicris) that included the word combinations of keywords “imitations”, “prosody”, “child”, “mother”, “interaction” and that would be connected to the field of speech and language pathology.

• Ključne besede: interaction, mother, child, interakcija, mati, otrok