Nosečnost in porod v adolescenci : pregled literature

Bevk, Urška (author), Stanek Zidarič, Tita (mentor)

Uvod: Nosečnost je velik dogodek v življenju ženske, ki pa je po navadi tudi vesel. Pri najstnicah velikokrat pride do nenačrtovanih nosečnosti, zaradi česar se njihov svet postavi na glavo. Pred njimi je namreč odločitev ali otroka obdržati ali ne. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti razlike med nosečnostjo in porodom med najstnicami ter odraslimi ženskami ter predstavitev pogostosti splavov in porodov adolescentnih mater v Sloveniji. Ugotovili bomo, kako potekajo ozaveščanja mladostnikov o spolnosti in kontracepcije, kaj lahko storimo da bi zmanjšali pogostost nosečnosti v obdobju mladostništva ter kako pomagati nosečim najstnica. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na deskriptivni metodi dela, ki bo uporabljena v teoretičnem delu, v empiričnem delu pa bodo s pomočjo grafov in tabel predstavljeni statistični podatki splavov in porodov mladoletni v Sloveniji, ki so dostopni na spletni strani NIJZ in bodo obdelani s pomočjo Microsoft Excel 2013. Rezultati: Nosečnost v adolescenci še danes predstavlja velik javno zdravstveni problem po celem svetu. Pri najstnicah v Sloveniji nosečnosti z leti upada, zaradi boljšega ozaveščanja mladih o spolnosti in kontracepciji ter tudi zaradi boljše dostopnosti do same kontracepcije. V Sloveniji se vsako leto več kot polovica mladostnic, ki zanosijo še vedno odloči končati nosečnost s splavom, ki pušča psihične in fizične posledice celo življenje. Razprava in sklep: Nosečnost v adolescenci težko preprečimo, z dobrim ozaveščanjem mladih o spolnih odnosih in kontracepciji pa se lahko potrudimo, da bi se ta delež čim bolj zmanjšal. To nam v Sloveniji, v primerjavi z drugimi evropskimi državami, dobro uspeva, še vedno pa lahko delež zmanjšamo s poglobitvijo programov za izobraževanje mladostnikov, posebno na področju spolnega nasilja o katerem vemo premalo. Mlade lahko podučimo o tem kaj lahko storijo v primeru nosečnosti, tako da najstnice vedo, kam se lahko obrnejo po pomoč tako v primeru splava kot tudi ob odločitvi da bodo otroka obdržale ter kakšna pomoč jim pripada ob rojstvu otroka.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: mladostniki, spolnost, adolescenca, nosečnost, kontracepcija, splav
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-101945
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5463147
• Publication date in RUL: 14.07.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Pregnancy and labour in adolescence : literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy is a significant event in a life of a woman and it is usually happy. Unplanned pregnancies often occur between teenagers, and that turns their life upside down. They have to make a decision whether to keep, or abort, the child. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work is to present the differences between pregnancy and childbirth teenagers and adult women. It will present the frequency of abortions and childbirth in Slovenia in adolescence, and aim to find out how to raise awareness of sexuality and contraception between teenagers. It will seek to discover what can be done to reduce the incidence of pregnancy during adolescence, and how to help pregnant teenagers. Methods: The diploma work will be based on descriptive method of work, which will be used in the theoretical part. In the empirical part, the statistical data of abortions and childbirths in Slovenia, which are available on the NIJZ website. The statistical data will be presented with graphs and tables, which will be processed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Results: Pregnancy in adolescence constitutes a major public health problem worldwide, even today. In Slovenia, pregnancy is declining over the years among teenagers, due to raised awareness about sexuality and contraception. This fact is also related to easier access to contraception . In Slovenia, more than half of adolescents who become pregnant still choose to end pregnancy with abortion, every year, which leaves psychic and physical consequences for the rest of their lives. Discussion and conclusion: Pregnancy in adolescence is difficult to prevent, but with good awareness about sexuality and contraception among youth, we can make efforts to minimize this proportion. Compared to other European countries, Slovenia is good at this, but we can still do some things to reduce their proportion. We achieve that with deepening the programs for educating adolescents, especially in the area of sexual violence,about which we know very little . Teenagers can learn about what they can do in case they get pregnant, so that they know where they can get some help in case of an abortion. They can learn about options in case of keeping the child, and also what kind assistance they can get when children are born.

• Keywords: youth, sexuality, adolescence, pregnancy, contraception, abortion