Imunski sistem v možganih in možganskih ovojnicah.

Fink, Diana (author), Narat, Mojca (mentor)

V centralnem živčevju imunski sistem ne deluje enako kot v periferiji. Medtem ko sta sivina in belina (parenhima) popolnoma izolirani od okolice, so krvna možganska pregrada, horoidni pletež in cerebrospinalna tekočina v stalnem stiku s celicami periferije, zato tudi predstavljajo glavne poti za vdor imunskih celic ob poškodbah ali boleznih v centralnem živčnem sistemu. Zaradi tesnih stikov med celicami v krvno-možganski pregradi in epitelu horoidnega pleteža, je potovanje celic iz periferije oteženo, a možno preko adhezijskih molekul in njihovih ligandov, katerih izražanje se ob vnetnem odzivu v centralnem živčnem sistemu poveča. V primeru vnetja začnejo v parenhimo vstopati celice T in B, makrofagi, dendritične celice, nevtrofilci in druge imunske celice. Poleg klasičnih imunskih celic pa se odzovejo tudi mikroglia celice, astrocite in oligodendrocite. Na splošno si želimo, da bi celice delovale protivnetno in tako zaščitile nevrone pred propadom oz. poškodbami, ki so posledica vnetnih citokinov, v večini primerov pa se, vsaj v začetku, odzovejo vnetno. Mehanizmi delovanja teh celic so kompleksni in specifični za različne bolezni/poškodbe. Da bi razvili dobre diagnostične metode in nove pristope zdravljenja bolezni in poškodb v centralnem živčnem sistemu, moramo najprej dobro razumeti imunski odziv v centralnem živčnem sistemu in imeti celosten pregled nad dogajanjem v možganih in možganskih ovojnicah ob vnetju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: imunski sistem, možgani, možganske ovojnice, možganska ishemična kap
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [D. Fink]
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-101460
• UDC: 577.27:616.831.9(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 8983417
• Publication date in RUL: 06.06.2018

FINK, Diana, 2018, Imunski sistem v možganih in možganskih ovojnicah. [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. D. Fink. [Accessed 15 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=101460

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Immune system in brain and meninges

Abstract

Immune system in central nervous system does not work the same way as in periphery. While parenchyma is completely isolated from surrounding tissues, blood-brain barrier, choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid are not. They are in constant contact with periphery which makes them perfect candidates for transfer of peripheral immune cells to central nervous system in cases of brain injury or other diseases. Tight junctions present in endothelium of blood-brain barrier and epithelium of choroid plexus make it difficult for peripheral immune cells to cross those barriers, but transfer can still be achieved via adhesion molecule-ligand interaction. Expression of those is upregulated during inflammation. In case of inflammation T and B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and other immune cells start invading into the parenchyma. Microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes also react to the inflammation. Generally speaking, we want cells to act in anti-inflammatory fashion to protect the neurons, but usually the opposite happens. Working mechanisms of cells that are part of the immune response in central nervous system are complex and specific for different injuries/diseases. To find new diagnostic methods and successful treatments of diseases of central nervous system, we need to see the whole picture of what is going on in the brain and meninges during inflammation.

• Keywords: immune system, brain, meninges, ischemic stroke