Ovrednotenje učinkovitosti in varnosti prehranskih dopolnil ter zdravil rastlinskega izvora za lajšanje menopavzalnih težav

Meh Peer, Petja Iza (author), Sollner Dolenc, Marija (mentor)

Menopavza je pričakovan dogodek v življenju žensk. Diagnosticira se po 12 mesecih amenoreje, ki ni povezana s patološkimi vzroki, kot so operacije, kemoterapije ali obsevanja. Prehod v menopavzo je zapleten fiziološki proces, ki je povezan z učinki staranja. Najpogostejši simptomi, povezani z menopavzo, so vazomotorne epizode, vaginalna atrofija, nespečnost, manjši libido, problemi s kognitivnimi funkcijami in slabo razpoloženje. Te simptome lahko lajšamo z dodajanjem hormonov, hormonsko nadomestno terapijo ali prehranskimi dopolnili. V tej magistrski nalogi smo se odločili preučiti rastline, ki so splošno znane v tradicionalni medicini in se običajno uporabljajo za lajšanje simptomov menopavze. V današnjem času se mnoge ženske ne želijo zdraviti s hormonsko terapijo, ker so ob tem lahko prisotni številni neželeni učinki. Zato je zelo pomembno, tudi za farmacevte, da znamo ustrezno svetovati, katere rastline ali prehranska dopolnila rastlinskega izvora so učinkoviti pri zdravljenju simptomov menopavze. Pregledali smo prehranska dopolnila, dostopna na slovenskem tržišču, ki se oglašujejo kot taka, ki blažijo simptome menopavze, in vsebujejo eno ali več rastlin. Pregledali smo odmerke rastlin oz njihovih izvlečkov in vsaki ocenili učinkovitost in varnost na osnovi že znanih podatkov iz člankov in raziskav narejenih v povezavi z menopavzo. Rezultati so pokazali, da so prehranska dopolnila rastlinskega izvora še vedno vredna zaupanja. Ugotovili smo tudi, da številni izdelki slabo navajajo, od kod prihaja učinkovina in/ali v kolikšni meri so aktivne spojine prisotne v posameznih izvlečkih. Mnogi imajo tudi veliko nižje ali veliko višje odmerke v primerjavi s tistimi, ki so se v študijah izkazali za učinkovite pri lajšanju simptomov menopavze. Ugotovili smo, da so najbolj zaupanja vredna še vedno hormonska zdravila in zdravila rastlinskega izvora, med prehranskimi dopolnili pa najbolj priporočamo uporabo izdelkov, ki vsebujejo izvleček soje v kombinaciji s črno deteljo, ali izdelke, ki vsebujejo žajbelj, sojo ali pravi ginseng, saj imajo ti učinek na največ različnih menopavzalnih simptomov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Menopavza. Zdravila rastlinskega izvora. Prehranska dopolnila. Lajšanje simptomov.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-134142
• Publication date in RUL: 24.12.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of dietary supplements and herbal medicines for relieving menopausal problems

Abstract

Menopause is an expected event in woman's life. It is diagnosed after 12 months of amenorrhea, which should not be related to pathological causes such as surgery, chemotherapy or radiation. The transition to menopause is a complex physiological process, and it is often accompanied by the effects of aging and culture in which we live. The most common symptoms related to menopause are vasomotor episodes, vaginal atrophy, difficulty sleeping, reduced libido, problems with cognitive functions and low mood. These symptoms can be treated by adding hormones, with hormone replacement therapy, or dietary supplements. In this master thesis, we decided to research plants, that are commonly known in traditional medicine, and tend to be used to relieve menopausal symptoms. Many women in todays time do not want to be treated with hormonal therapy, because many side effects can be present. Therefore, it is very important, even for pharmacists, to know how to properly advise which plants or herbal dietary supplements are effective in treating the symptoms of menopause. We reviewed dietary supplements available on the Slovenian market that are advertised as alleviating the symptoms of menopause, and contain one or more plants. We reviewed the doses of plants or their extracts in each and evaluated their effectiveness and safety, based on already known data from articles and research done in relation to menopause. The results showed, that herbal medicinal products are still the ones to be trusted most. Many herbal supplements state poorly where the active ingredient comes from and/or to what extent the active compounds are present in individual extracts. However, many also have much lower or much higher doses compared to those that have been shown in studies to be effective in relieving menopausal symptoms. We found that hormonal and herbal medicines are still the most trusted, and among dietary supplements, we recommend the use products containing soy extract in combination with black clover, or products containing sage, soy or ginseng, as these have effect on most different menopausal symptoms.

• Keywords: Menopause. Herbal medicines. Food supplements. Relieving symptoms.